GCSE law Consumer Contract B144_2

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work in progress consumer protection law for GCSE law
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Resource summary

GCSE law Consumer Contract B144_2
  1. Contract law
    1. Basic elements of a contract
      1. Agreement
        1. Acceptance

          Annotations:

          • must be made in good time Montfiore v Ramsgate Hotel. 
          1. Offer

            Annotations:

            • Must not have a problem with multiple acceptance or will be invitation to treat.  Carlil v Carbolic SmokeBall Co - because the advert restricted the number of acceptances 
            1. Not an invitation to treat

              Annotations:

              • Fisher v Bell - goods in shop window Partridge v Crittenden - advert in a magazine  
        2. Implied terms
          1. Sale of Goods Act
            1. Durability
              1. Satisfactory Quality
                1. Safety
                2. As described
                  1. Fit for Purpose
                    1. Remedies

                      Annotations:

                      • Replacement Repair Refund 
                    2. Supply of Goods and Services
                      1. reasonable care and skill
                        1. reasonable price if not agreed in advance
                          1. Reasonable timescale
                            1. Remedies

                              Annotations:

                              • Partial refund if you have had some benefit from the service Should give the contractor a chance to correct the work 
                            2. Evaluation

                              Annotations:

                              • Customers can get the price of their faulty goods refunded.  No need to have a written contract of sale for this - terms are implied in EVERY CONTRACT The rules will encourage businesses to make their products safe and durable. Goods must be as described - encourages fair promotion and advertising.  
                            3. Terms of the contract
                              1. assumptions

                                Annotations:

                                • Assumed that domestic arrangements will not be legally binding and COMMERCIAL arrangements will be legally binding
                                1. legal intent
                                  1. Exchange of value
                                    1. Consideration
                                      1. mere representations

                                        Annotations:

                                        • words used in negotiation which do not form part of the contract
                                        1. Warranties

                                          Annotations:

                                          • minor terms if breached, the consumer gets compensation but the rest of the contract can still operate.
                                          1. conditions

                                            Annotations:

                                            • absolute terms. if a condition is breached the whole contrcat will fail
                                            1. misrepresentation

                                              Annotations:

                                              • ' information' given during negotiation Induced you into signing the contract and was false Will void the contract "spice girls v aprilla" 
                                            2. Negligence Law
                                              1. basic elements of negligence
                                                1. foresiight

                                                  Annotations:

                                                  • means the defendant could have foreseen the damage
                                                  1. Duty of care
                                                    1. Donoghue v Stevenson

                                                      Annotations:

                                                      • snail in ginger beer   Case created a duty of care between manufacturers and their suppliers  
                                                      1. foresight
                                                        1. the D can foresee that C will be affected
                                                        2. proximity

                                                          Annotations:

                                                          • there is some kind of connection between claimant and defendant eg - teacher-student Driver- other road user Manufacturer - consumer 
                                                          1. fair just and reasonable

                                                            Annotations:

                                                            • it is fair and reasonable to impose a duty of care on the defendant
                                                        3. Breach of duty

                                                          Annotations:

                                                          • did the defendant act as a 'reasonable person'? Experts judged against standards of reasonable experts EG doctor should act like a reasonably skilled doctor  
                                                          1. Foreseeable damage

                                                            Annotations:

                                                            • should the defendant have been able to predict the sort of damage that has arisen?
                                                            1. possible defendants

                                                              Annotations:

                                                              • manufacturers suppliers repairers wholesalers assemblers retailers
                                                              1. EVALUATION

                                                                Annotations:

                                                                • hard for consumers to find out and PROVE IN COURT who is responsible for a defective product. hard to know who is liable Hard to know how the defect was caused - prove a breach. 
                                                              2. Product liability law
                                                                1. Consumer can claim from any part of the supply chain

                                                                  Annotations:

                                                                  • producer eg - manufacturer, supplier, retailer, assembler, repairer,  wholesaler importer own-brander - someone who puts their own brand on a product made by someone else. 
                                                                  1. Consumer Protection Act 1987

                                                                    Annotations:

                                                                    • the law which brings the EU directive into UK law
                                                                    1. What can be claimed for?

                                                                      Annotations:

                                                                      • Death Injury damage to PERSONAL property amount must be OVER £275  
                                                                      1. restrictions

                                                                        Annotations:

                                                                        • where customer has not used the product properly where customer has not followed warnings and instruction there will be NO LIABILITY 
                                                                        1. EVALUATION

                                                                          Annotations:

                                                                          • All EU goods covered so can buy goods from anywhere with confidence.  Should promote vigilance amongst producers and improve products No need to show HOW breech occurred - easier for consumers   Can hold ANY PARTY  in the supply chain liable. Negatives.. Only personal property - can't claim for business damage. Only property OVER £275. leaves a lot of small claims with no remedy.   Too many defences makes claiming difficult.   
                                                                          1. what products are covered?

                                                                            Annotations:

                                                                            • everything EXCEPT nuclear power buildings UNPROCESSED raw materials 
                                                                            1. defences

                                                                              Annotations:

                                                                              • the damage arises because the product meets a regulation requirement The defect did not exist when the D had the product The defect could not have been reasonable known about The product was not sold in the course of business. 
                                                                            2. EU product safety directive
                                                                              1. Strict Liability

                                                                                Annotations:

                                                                                • means claimant does not need to show HOW the product defect was caused.
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