3253820
Chinese Cultural Revolution
- Cultural
- Four Olds
- During the Cultural revolution, one of Mao's biggest aims was to eliminate the 'Four Olds'; Old
Customs, Old Culture, Old Habits, and Old Ideas. The Four Olds were seen to be the repressive
ideas of the old Dynasties and Emperors of China, that had controlled people for thousands of
years. Mao believed to create a strong and equal China the Four Olds would have to be
destroyed. Mao used the Red army to go and destroy anything considered "anti proletarian". As
a result there was a massive loss of culture that is still felt in China today
- During the Cultural revolution, one of Mao's biggest aims was to eliminate the 'Four Olds'; Old
Customs, Old Culture, Old Habits, and Old Ideas. The Four Olds were seen to be the repressive
ideas of the old Dynasties and Emperors of China, that had controlled people for thousands of
years. Mao believed to create a strong and equal China the Four Olds would have to be
destroyed. Mao used the Red army to go and destroy anything considered "anti proletarian". As
a result there was a massive loss of culture that is still felt in China today
- Four Olds
- Social
- Mao Zedong and the CCP promised that socialism would deliver equality and an egalitarian social
order for all citizens. Under Mao's rein equality in terms of pay ,employment and marriage greatly
improved, peoples social freedoms were also greatly repressed. One of the Largest social reforms of
the Chinese Communist Party was the Marriage Law of 1950- this offered all citizens, and particularly
women, new rights – the freedom to choose their own partner, choose their employment and have
equal ownership. Women were also liberated and empowered by the banning of old regime practices
like polygamy, concubinage, child betrothal and foot binding. Social reforms like this continued
through the Cultural Revolution (1960s) and helped shape Chinese social life
- Mao Zedong and the CCP promised that socialism would deliver equality and an egalitarian social
order for all citizens. Under Mao's rein equality in terms of pay ,employment and marriage greatly
improved, peoples social freedoms were also greatly repressed. One of the Largest social reforms of
the Chinese Communist Party was the Marriage Law of 1950- this offered all citizens, and particularly
women, new rights – the freedom to choose their own partner, choose their employment and have
equal ownership. Women were also liberated and empowered by the banning of old regime practices
like polygamy, concubinage, child betrothal and foot binding. Social reforms like this continued
through the Cultural Revolution (1960s) and helped shape Chinese social life
- Economic
- The Great Leap Forward
- The Great Leap Forward pre-dates the cultural revolution but is
arguable the reason the relvoution took place. Mao enacted the Great
Leap Forward in the late 1950s. It was a massive economical reform
with a massive emphasis on Inudstralisation. Mao wanted to create a
strong China to compete with the world powers such as America and
Russia. To do this Mao used rural farmers as mass industrial workers.
He tookt hem away from their farms and placed them into communes
where they were forced to work in places such as steel or iron
factories. As a result, Chinas agriculture production dropped and China
entered the Great Chinese famine where millions of people starved. It
was because of this failed policy, that Mao lost power in the Chinese
Communist Party, forcing him to enact the Cultural Revolution to
regain power.
- The Great Leap Forward pre-dates the cultural revolution but is
arguable the reason the relvoution took place. Mao enacted the Great
Leap Forward in the late 1950s. It was a massive economical reform
with a massive emphasis on Inudstralisation. Mao wanted to create a
strong China to compete with the world powers such as America and
Russia. To do this Mao used rural farmers as mass industrial workers.
He tookt hem away from their farms and placed them into communes
where they were forced to work in places such as steel or iron
factories. As a result, Chinas agriculture production dropped and China
entered the Great Chinese famine where millions of people starved. It
was because of this failed policy, that Mao lost power in the Chinese
Communist Party, forcing him to enact the Cultural Revolution to
regain power.
- The Great Leap Forward
- Political
- The reason Mao enacted the Cultural Revolution was because of the failure of his social and
economic policies. Fellow Communist Party members such as Liu, Deng, and Zhou Enlai, were starting
to become unenthusiastic and critical of Mao's utopian views. They then started to sideline Mao from
decision making within the party, using him as more of a political figure-head. Mao however used this
in his favour, it was through his popularity of the masses and his ability to manipulate them he
enacted the Cultural Revolution. He said that people within the party were rebelling against him and
that the chinese people should rise up in Revolution. This started what became known as the Cultural
Revolution and enabled Mao to reclaim politcal power and once again enact his Maoist policies on Chinese society.
- The reason Mao enacted the Cultural Revolution was because of the failure of his social and
economic policies. Fellow Communist Party members such as Liu, Deng, and Zhou Enlai, were starting
to become unenthusiastic and critical of Mao's utopian views. They then started to sideline Mao from
decision making within the party, using him as more of a political figure-head. Mao however used this
in his favour, it was through his popularity of the masses and his ability to manipulate them he
enacted the Cultural Revolution. He said that people within the party were rebelling against him and
that the chinese people should rise up in Revolution. This started what became known as the Cultural
Revolution and enabled Mao to reclaim politcal power and once again enact his Maoist policies on Chinese society.
- Leaders
- Mao Zedong
- Mao Zedong early life: Mao was born on the 26th of December
1893 in Shaoshan village. He was the son of a peasant farmer
who became one of the wealthiest farmers in their village.
Growing up Mao read a lot of political literature, which helped
him develop a 'political consciousnes'. As a young adult Mao
worked as a teacher and a library assistant to one of the first
chinese communists Li Dazhao. It was during this period of time
when the october revolution happened where Lenin took over
Russia and made Russia adopt Marxism. Mao came under the
theoretical influence of lenin and adopted Marxism himslef.
- Mao Zedong Rising to power: In 1921 Mao became a member of the
Chinese Communist Party (CCP), attending its founding meeting in
Shanghai. During the 1920-1930's Mao slowly built his reputation in
the CCP, however it was his leadership in the Long March (1934-35)
and the Yen’an Soviet (1936-1949) that greatly increased his
prominance within the CCP. By the mid-1940s he was the party’s
undisputed political, military and ideological leader. In 1949 Mao
led the communists to victory in the Chinese Civil War and
proclaimed the formation of the People’s Republic of China.
- Mao Zedong Cultural Revolution: During the 1950's Mao launched
China into the Great Leap Forward, which was mass economical and
industrial change. Mao wanted to make China a global industrial
power. During this time, peasants were forced to leave there farms,
live in communes and work on massive infrastucure projects. These
projects lead to a massive drop in agriculture and farming and
caused the Great Chinese Famine. As a result of Maos failed policy,
he was slowly losing his power in the CCP, so in order to regain
power he used his influence of the masses to launch china into a
cultural revolution.
- Mao Zedong Cultural Revolution: During the 1950's Mao launched
China into the Great Leap Forward, which was mass economical and
industrial change. Mao wanted to make China a global industrial
power. During this time, peasants were forced to leave there farms,
live in communes and work on massive infrastucure projects. These
projects lead to a massive drop in agriculture and farming and
caused the Great Chinese Famine. As a result of Maos failed policy,
he was slowly losing his power in the CCP, so in order to regain
power he used his influence of the masses to launch china into a
cultural revolution.
- Mao Zedong Rising to power: In 1921 Mao became a member of the
Chinese Communist Party (CCP), attending its founding meeting in
Shanghai. During the 1920-1930's Mao slowly built his reputation in
the CCP, however it was his leadership in the Long March (1934-35)
and the Yen’an Soviet (1936-1949) that greatly increased his
prominance within the CCP. By the mid-1940s he was the party’s
undisputed political, military and ideological leader. In 1949 Mao
led the communists to victory in the Chinese Civil War and
proclaimed the formation of the People’s Republic of China.
- Mao Zedong early life: Mao was born on the 26th of December
1893 in Shaoshan village. He was the son of a peasant farmer
who became one of the wealthiest farmers in their village.
Growing up Mao read a lot of political literature, which helped
him develop a 'political consciousnes'. As a young adult Mao
worked as a teacher and a library assistant to one of the first
chinese communists Li Dazhao. It was during this period of time
when the october revolution happened where Lenin took over
Russia and made Russia adopt Marxism. Mao came under the
theoretical influence of lenin and adopted Marxism himslef.
- Gang of Four
- Gang of Four: Were the most powerful members of the CCP under the leadership of Chairman
Mao. The Four were made up of Maos third wife Jiang Qing, and other CCP members: Wang
Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, and Yao Wenyuan. They all rose to prominance in the party due to
their ability to manipulate mass media and by their good standing with Mao. The Gang of Four
had the role of manipulating the Red Guard, while also controlling areas of: intellectual education,
basic theories in social sciences, teacher-student relations and school discipline, and party
policies regarding intellectuals. The Four lost all of their Power after Maos death in 1976 and were
all tried for their involvement in the revoltuion. Jiang and Zhang both received suspended death
sentences (both reduced to life imprisonment in 1983); Wang was sentenced to life imprisonment
while Yao recieved 20-year term.
- Gang of Four: Were the most powerful members of the CCP under the leadership of Chairman
Mao. The Four were made up of Maos third wife Jiang Qing, and other CCP members: Wang
Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, and Yao Wenyuan. They all rose to prominance in the party due to
their ability to manipulate mass media and by their good standing with Mao. The Gang of Four
had the role of manipulating the Red Guard, while also controlling areas of: intellectual education,
basic theories in social sciences, teacher-student relations and school discipline, and party
policies regarding intellectuals. The Four lost all of their Power after Maos death in 1976 and were
all tried for their involvement in the revoltuion. Jiang and Zhang both received suspended death
sentences (both reduced to life imprisonment in 1983); Wang was sentenced to life imprisonment
while Yao recieved 20-year term.
- Mao Zedong
- Movements
- Chinese Communist Party/
Communist Party of China
- Founded in 1921 by political activists and writers who were seeking an alternate path for the
future of China. Following the teachings of Karl Marx and Lenin, they sought to convert china to a
Communist nation. The party started of small, but eventually after joining and supporting
Guomindang and its mission to reunify China, they grew stronger gaining more members and
developed military tactics and knowledge. When Mao took over the Communist Party of China in
the mid 1940s, he turned it into a revolutionary machine that changed and shaped the nation intp
the China we see today.
- Founded in 1921 by political activists and writers who were seeking an alternate path for the
future of China. Following the teachings of Karl Marx and Lenin, they sought to convert china to a
Communist nation. The party started of small, but eventually after joining and supporting
Guomindang and its mission to reunify China, they grew stronger gaining more members and
developed military tactics and knowledge. When Mao took over the Communist Party of China in
the mid 1940s, he turned it into a revolutionary machine that changed and shaped the nation intp
the China we see today.
- Red Guard
- The Red Guard was a mass movement of mainly youth controlled by Mao during the Cultural
Revolution. They were Maos main form of power, he used them to regain control over China,
and establish new policies. Mao encouraged these youth to rebel against their, teachers,
parents and government as they were not following his teachings and ideas. They usually
developed locally and without centralised control, though they all served a common purpose:
loyalty to Mao and a pledge to uphold the purity of ‘Mao Zedong Thought’. Bands of Red Guard
members moved around China in groups, all wearing military uniform, red arm bands and
caring Maos little red book (a book of his quotes and teachings). By 1967 the Red Guard was
becoming out of control and Mao had to call their movement to a halt, relocating them into
rural areas to farm.
- The Red Guard was a mass movement of mainly youth controlled by Mao during the Cultural
Revolution. They were Maos main form of power, he used them to regain control over China,
and establish new policies. Mao encouraged these youth to rebel against their, teachers,
parents and government as they were not following his teachings and ideas. They usually
developed locally and without centralised control, though they all served a common purpose:
loyalty to Mao and a pledge to uphold the purity of ‘Mao Zedong Thought’. Bands of Red Guard
members moved around China in groups, all wearing military uniform, red arm bands and
caring Maos little red book (a book of his quotes and teachings). By 1967 the Red Guard was
becoming out of control and Mao had to call their movement to a halt, relocating them into
rural areas to farm.
- Chinese Communist Party/
Communist Party of China
- Ideologies
- Maoism
- Maoism is Mao Zendongs own political ideology formed off marxism.
Both Marxism and Maoism belived in the proletarian revolution,
however Maoism believed in proletarian revolution through farm
workers (due to chinas large farming population), rather than the
Marxist belief of proletarain revolution through urban workers. Mao
merely adopted Marxism and adopted it into Chinese society
- Maoism is Mao Zendongs own political ideology formed off marxism.
Both Marxism and Maoism belived in the proletarian revolution,
however Maoism believed in proletarian revolution through farm
workers (due to chinas large farming population), rather than the
Marxist belief of proletarain revolution through urban workers. Mao
merely adopted Marxism and adopted it into Chinese society
- Maoism
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