Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids
1. Substances that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
2. Properties
  1. Acid + metal --> salt + hydrogen
  2. Acid + carbonate --> salt + carbon dioxide + water
  3. Acid+ metal oxide --> salt + water
  4. Acid + metal hydroxide --> salt + water
  5. Turns blue litmus paper and universal indicator red
  6. Sour
  7. Corrosive when highly concentrated
  8. Conducts electricity when in aqueous solutions
Bases
1. Properties
  1. Alkali + acid --> salt + water
  2. Alkali + metal salt --> metal hydroxide + salt
  3. Alkali + ammonium salt --> salt + ammonia + water
  4. Soapy
  5. Bitter
  6. Turns red litmus paper and universal indicator blue
  7. Corrosive when highly concentrated
  8. Conduct electricity when in aqueous state
2. Substance that produces salt and water when reacted with acid
3. Alkali (base that dissolves in water) produces hydroxide ions when in water
Oxides
1. Metals burn in air to form basic oxides and amphoteric oxides
  1. Metal oxide + water --> metal hydroxide
  2. Basic oxides
    1. High melting and boiling points
    2. Basic oxide + acid --> salt + water
  3. Amphoteric oxides
    1. Amphoteric oxide + acid --> salt + water
    2. Amphoteric oxide + alkali --> salt + water
2. Non-metals burn in air to form acidic oxides and neutral oxides
  1. Acidic oxides
    1. Acidic oxide + water --> acid
    2. Acidic oxide + alkali --> salt + water
Measuring pH
1. Below 7 - acidic and above 7 - basic
  1. 1 to 14 - red to violet
2. Indicators
  1. Methyl Orange
    1. Red to yellow - 1 to 14
  2. Bromothymol blue
    1. Yellow to blue - 1 to 14
  3. Phenolphthalein
    1. Colourless to pink - 1 to 14
Salts
1. Soluble
  1. All nitrates, most chlorides, most sulphates, SPA carbonates
    1. Titration
      1. SPA salts
      2. Both reactants are soluble and one is an acid
    2. Adding excess solid
      1. Non SPA salts
      2. One is soluble (acid) and one is insoluble
2. Insoluble
  1. AgCl, PbCl2, PbSO4, BaSO4, CaSO4, most carbonates
    1. Precipitation
      1. Both reactants are soluble
      2. To get XY, use X nitrate + Sodium Y

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Acids, Bases and Salts

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	Created by Jessica Liu over 9 years ago