342827
Description
Mind Map by lizziesimon, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by lizziesimon
over 10 years ago
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Reasons for changing family size,
roles and relationships
- INDUSTRIALISATION PROCESS economic
change from agriculture to industry
- Parsons 'theory of fit', from extended nuclear to
isolated nuclear. Based on structural
differentiation, NO evidence,pure argument. Unit
of production to a unit of consumption.
- Laslett criticises Parsons, claims
only 10% of families were extended
before, based on research
- Anderson criticises Parsons, in early
industrialisation EF was common for
support, 23% extended in this time
period
- Litwak says extended family remains
important, even members who live far
away keep in regular contact via phone or
social networks, this is a modified
extended family
- structural differentiation (transfer of responsibility
family to state in Parsons theory): social and
geographical mobility.Families find it easier to move
up/down social hierarchy. Family must be smaller to
get up and move,
- Laslett criticises Parsons, claims
only 10% of families were extended
before, based on research
- Parsons 'theory of fit', from extended nuclear to
isolated nuclear. Based on structural
differentiation, NO evidence,pure argument. Unit
of production to a unit of consumption.
- DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSEWIFE ROLE
caused by industrialisation
- women gradually excluded from labour force and
confined to home at start of industrialisation,
responsible for housework and childcare
- males became breadwinners
- Parsons: TNF segregated conjugal roles (separate)
husband instrumental, provides financially for family,
female expressive, meets family emotional needs and
includes primary socialisation
- criticised by Willmott and Young,male take on more DDOL,
more women in paid work (1962)
- criticised by Willmott and Young,male take on more DDOL,
more women in paid work (1962)
- Parsons: TNF segregated conjugal roles (separate)
husband instrumental, provides financially for family,
female expressive, meets family emotional needs and
includes primary socialisation
- enforced female subordination and economic dependence
on men, socially constructed role rather than natural as
Parsons claims (feminist view) it only benefits men
- Willmott and Young: identify a pattern of segregated conjugal
roles in working class extended families (Bethnal Green 1950)
- they take 'march of progress' view,
family life gradually improve,
becoming more equal/democratic,
these trends created symmetrical
family.
- symmetrical family usually nuclear, not
extended. Privatised and based on joint
conjugal roles. 72% husbands help in the
house.
- symmetrical family increase due to:
change in women's position,
geographical mobility, tech. and labour
saving devices and higher standard of
living
- symmetrical family usually nuclear, not
extended. Privatised and based on joint
conjugal roles. 72% husbands help in the
house.
- Oakley (feminist) disagree
that family is symmetrical. Her
study shows dual burden of
women. Only 15% male high
level housework, 25% high
level childcare. Subjective so
invalid, the survey was small
and only carried out in one
area of london.
- supported disagreement later by
2000 future foundation study, 60%
men more housework than father,
75% women less housework than
mother. However women still do more
- supported disagreement later by
2000 future foundation study, 60%
men more housework than father,
75% women less housework than
mother. However women still do more
- they take 'march of progress' view,
family life gradually improve,
becoming more equal/democratic,
these trends created symmetrical
family.
- males became breadwinners
- Hochschild notes women more
likely perform jobs involving
emotional labour. Duncombe and
Marsden argue women carry out a
triple shift. Housework, paid work &
emotion work.
- Gershuny: women work full-time do less
domestic work than those who don't, led to
more equal DDOL, different domestic tasks
male DIY, gardening. conjugal roles more
equal, men adapt to society changes slower
than women, this is lagged adaptation
- Dunne: studied 37 lesbian cohabiting couples, more symmetry as
tasks can't be linked to gender scripts, Lesbian couples have
more equal relationship. If one works more DDOL becomes
unequal - paid work influence DDOL in heterosexual and
homosexual.
- supports radical feminist view, inevitable
patriarchy, only equal for women in same sex
relationship.
- supports radical feminist view, inevitable
patriarchy, only equal for women in same sex
relationship.
- Dunne: studied 37 lesbian cohabiting couples, more symmetry as
tasks can't be linked to gender scripts, Lesbian couples have
more equal relationship. If one works more DDOL becomes
unequal - paid work influence DDOL in heterosexual and
homosexual.
- highest earner makes majority
financial decisions
- Pahl&Vogler: pooling bank account increase as
both partners likely work full time. allowance
system, male gives female money to spend on
family needs
- Edgell: men make money/housemoving decision in
general, women clothes/food, joint on education/childs
needs
- Edgell: men make money/housemoving decision in
general, women clothes/food, joint on education/childs
needs
- Pahl&Vogler: pooling bank account increase as
both partners likely work full time. allowance
system, male gives female money to spend on
family needs
- Gershuny: women work full-time do less
domestic work than those who don't, led to
more equal DDOL, different domestic tasks
male DIY, gardening. conjugal roles more
equal, men adapt to society changes slower
than women, this is lagged adaptation
- women gradually excluded from labour force and
confined to home at start of industrialisation,
responsible for housework and childcare
- CHANGING ROLE OF CHILDREN
- before industrialisation children economic asset,
now economic burden due to changing laws
post-industrialisation, this is why people now have
less children. Society become more child
centered
- before industrialisation children economic asset,
now economic burden due to changing laws
post-industrialisation, this is why people now have
less children. Society become more child
centered
- INCREASING ROLE OF STATE
- law prevent women/children working
increasing strain on the breadwinner and
increasing patriarchy, less family income.
Improved water supply/sewage disposal
lower IMR less children and increases life
expectancy.
- sickness benefit 1911, improve living standard and attempt protect families
poverty, Beveridge Report 1944, introduce welfare state education&benefits
improve, NHS 1948, loss of functions of the family (structural differentiation)
- child benefit paid direct to mother, support
housewife role, women primary carer. Care homes
for elderly/vulnerable children lower death rates
and IMR, reduces emotion work
- law prevent women/children working
increasing strain on the breadwinner and
increasing patriarchy, less family income.
Improved water supply/sewage disposal
lower IMR less children and increases life
expectancy.
- MODERN TO POSTMODERN
- people used to look out for each
other more, now more selfish
society. religion used to be
important in shaping attitudes
(social control method) now
secularisation causes increasing
family diversity
- nuclear family used to be norm, stable family structures, now family
diversity promotes risk and instability. previously low divorce rate trad.
values and religious influence now we live in a risk society (Beck)
individualism.
- in the past more empty shell
marriages now increased divorce
rates - choice
- nuclear family used to be norm, stable family structures, now family
diversity promotes risk and instability. previously low divorce rate trad.
values and religious influence now we live in a risk society (Beck)
individualism.
- people used to look out for each
other more, now more selfish
society. religion used to be
important in shaping attitudes
(social control method) now
secularisation causes increasing
family diversity
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