FREE CONSENT

FREE CONSENT

1. COERCION

   • 1.Commit, threaten to commit any forbidden by Penal Code 2. Unlawfully detaining or threaten to detain any property
   • CASES : Chin Nam Bee Development Sdn Bhd v Tai Kim Choo & 4 Ors

2. UNDUE INFLUENCE

   • a) Undue influence & proof of dominant position
     • require proof of
       • 1. Dominant position
       • 2. Unfair advantage
       • 3. Contract was entered because of the influence
   • b) Undue influence & presumed dominant position
     • i. He/she possess real or apparent authority over the other party cases : Salwath Haneem v Hadjee Abdullah
     • ii. Fiduciary relationship between the two parties cases: Datuk Joginder Singh & Ors v Tara Rajaratnam
     • Contract with whose mental capacity is affected cases : Chait Singh v Budin bin Abdullah
     • i. Person alleging
       • Yes undue influence 1. Real/apparent authority 2. Fiduciary relationship 3. Mental capacity is affected
       • No undue influence 1. No real/apparent authority 2. No fuduciary relationship 3. No mental illness

3. FRAUD

   • 1. Suggesting not true fact by person who does not believe it to be true
   • 2. Active concealment fact by person who knows about the fact
   • 3. Promise without any intention performing it
   • 4. Any act fitted to deceive
   • 5. Any act that law declares as fraudulent
   • Include fraudulent misrepresentation cases : Weber v Brown
   • Party alleging fraud : Prove :
     • Act constitutes fraud
     • Intention to deceive
     • Entered contract because of fraud

4. Misinterpretation

   • 1. Positive assertion of fact
   • 2. Breach of duty w/out intenion to deceive
   • 3. causing another person to make mistake as subject to agreement

5. Mistake

   • 1. s.21- Mistake of both parties about facts cases : Raffles v Wichellaus
   • 2. s.22 - Mistake of law : contract cannot be avoided
   • 3. unilateral mistake cases : The Golf Cheque Book Sdn Bd & Anor v Nilai Springs Bhd