4178241
Description
Mind Map by MacKenna Westerf, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by MacKenna Westerf
over 8 years ago
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The body's Defense against Antigens
- Non- specific
Defenses
- Chemical
barriers
- Fatty acids, proteins, bodily secretions,
and other substances with natural
attributes that help defend the body
against disease or infection. Such
substances may have a low pH, or serve
to breakdown or destabilize bacterial
cells.
- Stomach Acid (lactobacillus)
- The stomach uses
gastric acid with a pH2
to kill the microbes, but
some bacteria survive
by being inside food as it
goes through, others by
producing a cloud of
ammonia.
- The stomach uses
gastric acid with a pH2
to kill the microbes, but
some bacteria survive
by being inside food as it
goes through, others by
producing a cloud of
ammonia.
- Ear Wax
- Ear wax is slightly
acidic and will kill off
any bacteria that
cannot stand the
acidity that enters
through the ear
- Ear wax is slightly
acidic and will kill off
any bacteria that
cannot stand the
acidity that enters
through the ear
- Salty tears
- Kill the microbes
that are not able to
live with the salt
- Kill the microbes
that are not able to
live with the salt
- Mucus
- sticky mucus in the
lungs traps microbes,
and then cilia sweep it
out of the lungs
- sticky mucus in the
lungs traps microbes,
and then cilia sweep it
out of the lungs
- Sweat
- Posesses antibacterial
properties which have
hight levels ofacidity
- Posesses antibacterial
properties which have
hight levels ofacidity
- Fatty acids, proteins, bodily secretions,
and other substances with natural
attributes that help defend the body
against disease or infection. Such
substances may have a low pH, or serve
to breakdown or destabilize bacterial
cells.
- Phagocytes
- Phagocytes are the white blood
cells that protect the body by
ingesting harmful foreign particles,
bacteria, and dead or dying cells.
- When there is an infection, phagocytes move to the
bacteria by sensing chemicals. When the bacteria touches
a phagocyte, they bind to its receptor and is eaten. The
phagocyte then moves parts of the killed bacteria back to
its surface. These parts are then shown to other cells of
the immune system. They then move to the body's lymph
node and show the bacterial parts to white blood cells
called lymphocytes. This action is important in getting
immunity.
- When there is an infection, phagocytes move to the
bacteria by sensing chemicals. When the bacteria touches
a phagocyte, they bind to its receptor and is eaten. The
phagocyte then moves parts of the killed bacteria back to
its surface. These parts are then shown to other cells of
the immune system. They then move to the body's lymph
node and show the bacterial parts to white blood cells
called lymphocytes. This action is important in getting
immunity.
- Phagocytes are the white blood
cells that protect the body by
ingesting harmful foreign particles,
bacteria, and dead or dying cells.
- Mechanical Barriers
- A mechanical barrier in
the immune system is a
primary line of defense,
which physically impedes
the entry of foreign
particles that may harm
the body.
- Ear drum
- Stops water and
unwanted microbes
from entering the body
- Stops water and
unwanted microbes
from entering the body
- Nose hairs
- Trap microorganisms
and prevents them from
entering the body
- Trap microorganisms
and prevents them from
entering the body
- Ciliated lining in nose and lungs
- Traps mucuse which traps the
microorganisms in the mucus
- Traps mucuse which traps the
microorganisms in the mucus
- Skin
- Prevents any
microorganisms to get
into your body. Acts as a
protective shield.
- Prevents any
microorganisms to get
into your body. Acts as a
protective shield.
- A mechanical barrier in
the immune system is a
primary line of defense,
which physically impedes
the entry of foreign
particles that may harm
the body.
- Chemical
barriers
- Specific Defenses
- Antibody
- Bacteria
- Bacteria are tiny
single-cell
microorganisms,
usually a few
micrometers in length
that normally exist
together in millions.
- Bacteria are tiny
single-cell
microorganisms,
usually a few
micrometers in length
that normally exist
together in millions.
- Virus
- A virus is a microscopic
organism consisting of genetic
material (RNA or DNA)
surrounded by a protein, fat,
or glycoprotein coat.
- A virus is a microscopic
organism consisting of genetic
material (RNA or DNA)
surrounded by a protein, fat,
or glycoprotein coat.
- Antibodies are large
Y-shaped proteins. They
are recruited by the
immune system to
identify and neutralize
foreign objects like
bacteria and viruses.
- Bacteria
- Memory Cells
- T Cells
- Killer
- Killer T-cells hunt down
and destroy cells that are
infected with germs or that
have become cancerous.
- Killer T-cells hunt down
and destroy cells that are
infected with germs or that
have become cancerous.
- Helper
- They are required for almost all
adaptive immune responses,
which activate killer t-cells,
Macrophage, and B cells to
secrete antibodies
- They are required for almost all
adaptive immune responses,
which activate killer t-cells,
Macrophage, and B cells to
secrete antibodies
- Killer
- B Cells
- These lymphocytes, are designed
to provide immunity in the body
by developing antibodies when
they are exposed to antigens, that
invoke an immune response. B
cells are produced in the bone
marrow, which provides a steady
supply of them to the body. They
later mature into plasma B cells.
- Plasma B cell
- Once released into the
blood, these antibody
molecules bind to the
target antigen and
initiate its neutralization
or destruction.
- Once released into the
blood, these antibody
molecules bind to the
target antigen and
initiate its neutralization
or destruction.
- Plasma B cell
- These lymphocytes, are designed
to provide immunity in the body
by developing antibodies when
they are exposed to antigens, that
invoke an immune response. B
cells are produced in the bone
marrow, which provides a steady
supply of them to the body. They
later mature into plasma B cells.
- Any small, long-lived lymphocyte that has
previously encountered a given antigen and that
on reexposure to the same antigen rapidly initiates
the immune response (memory T cell) or
proliferates and produces large amounts of
specific antibody (memory B cell) the agent of
lasting immunity.
- T Cells
- Vaccinations
- Getting a vaccine is something that will help
your body to protect itself from an infection in
the future. Vaccines help develop immunity by
imitating an infection, but this infection does
not cause illness. It does, however, cause the
immune system to develop the same response
as it does to a real infection so the body can
recognize and fight the vaccine in the future.
- Dead Cell
- These vaccines are
similar to DNA vaccines in
that they introduce DNA
from a harmful pathogen
into the body, triggering
the immune system to
produce antigens and
train itself to identify and
combat the disease.
- These vaccines are
similar to DNA vaccines in
that they introduce DNA
from a harmful pathogen
into the body, triggering
the immune system to
produce antigens and
train itself to identify and
combat the disease.
- Similar Cells
- For these types of vaccines,
a weaker, asymptotic form
of the virus or bacteria is
introduced into the body.
Because it is weakened, the
pathogen will not spread
and cause sickness, but the
immune system will still
learn to recognize its
antigens and know to fight
in the future.
- For these types of vaccines,
a weaker, asymptotic form
of the virus or bacteria is
introduced into the body.
Because it is weakened, the
pathogen will not spread
and cause sickness, but the
immune system will still
learn to recognize its
antigens and know to fight
in the future.
- Getting a vaccine is something that will help
your body to protect itself from an infection in
the future. Vaccines help develop immunity by
imitating an infection, but this infection does
not cause illness. It does, however, cause the
immune system to develop the same response
as it does to a real infection so the body can
recognize and fight the vaccine in the future.
- Antibody
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