Multiple Intelligences

1. Thurstone

   Annotations:

   • Underlying structures/patterns between intelligences Disagreed with Spearman's interpretation of 'g'
   1. Intelligence is the results of 7 factors

      Annotations:

      • Multifactor approach
      • Associative memory (rote memory)
      • Number
      • Perceptual speed
      • Reasoning
      • Space
      • Verbal comprehension
      • Word fluency
2. Cattell
   1. Crystallised

      Annotations:

      • Learned and stored factual knowledge that accumulates over time
      • Verbal, vocabulary and comprehension tasks. Weschler tasks 
      • The type of knowledge successful historians use in careers
   2. Fluid

      Annotations:

      • Adaptive knowledge - being able to reason in the current situation - this peaks in adulthood
      • Block design tasks, Raven's matrices.
      • Type of intelligence used by young adult mathematicians making a career
3. Vernon
   1. Link g to abilities

      Annotations:

      • Levels of intelligences in between 'g' and specific abilities
      1. Major

         Annotations:

         • v:ed - verbal educational k:m - spatial mechanical
      2. MInor
      3. Specific

Annotations:

• Intelligence is the ability to achieve goals in life by capitalising on one's strengths

1. Componential: mental mechanisms

   Annotations:

   • Knowledge acquisition - getting and using relevant skills for tasks
   • Metacomponents - recognising problems and developing strategies to deal with them
   • Performance - carrying out strategies
   • 'g' is these abilities in task restricted domains
2. Contextual: interaction with world

   Annotations:

   • Adaptation - to a given environment
   • Shaping - when you cannot adapt, make environment adapt to you
   • Selection - of one (more advantageous) environment over another
   • Measured using 'tacit' knowledge - understanding processes of how to do things instead of facts.
3. Experiential: effect of experience

   Annotations:

   • Novelty - ability to deal with novel situations using past experience
   • Automation - being able to do a task without thinking about it e.g. reading

Annotations:

• Intelligence is the sum of processes that can take place so e.g. linguistic intelligence can be shown by all sensory systems by articulating what you can see, hear, smell etc. 

1. 7(+2)

   Annotations:

   • Conventional: Linguistic Logical-mathematical Spatial
   • New:  Musical Bodily-kinaesthetic Interpersonal  Intrapersonal
   • +2  Naturalist Existentialist
2. Intelligences are separate but can interact

   Annotations:

   • Intelligences are separate dimensions in separate parts of brain

Annotations:

• Form of social intelligence - perception, understanding and the use of emotions

1. Salovey & Meyer
   1. 4 branches

      Annotations:

      • Perceiving: own and others' emotions though language, tone, behaviour
      • Facilitating: aiding judgements about thinking e.g. to consider multiple viewpoints
      • Understanding: label and recognise relationships between emotions
      • Managing - open about emotions and can detach to see if emotions are informative
2. Goleman

   Annotations:

   • EI is ability to control fight/flight response and basic emotional responses
   • 'Mixed model' models of EI mix with other personality/behaviour traits
   1. Identify/regulate own and others emotions

      Annotations:

      • Hierarchy of EI 1. Identify (self awareness) 2. Manage (self regulation) 3. Drive 4. Assess/Influence (social awareness)  5. Interpersonal relationships (social skills) 
      • Personal vs. social Awareness vs. regulation
3. Bar-On

   Annotations:

   • Emotional expression is evolutionary - for adaptation and survival e.g. bonding, mating
   • Emotion Quotient (EQ) from EQ Inventory
   1. 5 5 aspects

      Annotations:

      • Intrapersonal - recognise/express emotions
      • Interpersonal - understand/relate to others
      • Adaptability - manage/control emotions
      • Stress management - adapt and solve problems
      • General - self motivation