Enzymes SAC Mindmap

Experimental Methods of Study of Enzyme Action
1. Rate
  1. Quantity over time (divided by)
2. Displacement
  1. Something gets replaced
3. Does the reaction naturally occur?
  1. Yes but at a such a slow rate that nothing occurs
4. Independent
  1. Usually stems for the factors that affect enzyme rate even if not explicitly stated
    1. pH
    2. Temperature
    3. Enzyme or substrate concnetration
    4. Inhibition
    5. Volume of container
Analysing, Interpreting and Evaluating the Results and Procedures of the Practical Investigation
1. experimental design
  1. hypotheisis
    1. cause and effect
      1. Independent and dependent variables
  2. variables
    1. Indpendent
      1. Include a range
        See overall trend of the relationship
        Show variation
    2. Dependent
    3. Controlled
      1. Constant
        Fair test as only one variable is affecting the outcome
      2. Specifically state what is controlled
        Temperature of enzyme or of substrate?
  3. Method
    1. Use an annotated diagram to quickly demonstrate the process
    2. Repetitions
      1. Minimal 10
      2. Fair test - Rule out any errors and affirm that a trend occurs
  4. Results
    1. Qualitative
      1. Support quantitative data
        Verify that any mistakes were due to error and method was done properly
    2. Quantitative
      1. More accurate
      2. Precision
  5. Control Group
    1. Comparison point for ---
      1. Confirms that independent conducted the change
    2. Multiple Control groups
      1. If points needed for comparison
Terms, concepts and Relationships
1. Enzyme Catalysed Reactions
  1. Roles
    1. Increase the rate of the reactions
      1. Decrease the activation energy required to reach the transition state
        A.K.A the state in which the reaction begins
        weakening of bonds
        How does it do this?
        Brings bonds closer together?
    2. Able to be reused over and over again until worn out
      1. Thus able to be used in small amounts
    3. Can occur in both directions of the reaction. Catabolic and anabolic
      1. Needs different enzymes to do so though
  2. Mode of Action
    1. Induced Fit
      1. Enzyme Substrate Complex
        not exact fit. Shows enzymes flexibility, conform=complementry shape
        when disassociated=returns to original shape
    2. Lock & KEy
      1. Enzymes Substrate Complex
        requires an exact fit
  3. Inhibition
    1. Rational Drug Design
    2. TYPE
      1. COMPETITIVE
        Directly binds with the active site.
        Blocks the substrate from interacting with the enzyme
        If reversible
        higher concentrations of substrate can dislodge it
        If not reversible
        accumulation can occur
      2. NON-COMPETITIVE
        Does not bind to the active site but to another part of the enzyme. However slightly changes the shape of the enzyme and active site
        Can not be removed
        permanent or cant be removed by substrate
  4. Location
    1. Intracellular
    2. Extracellular
  5. Factors affecting enzyme rate
    1. Natural
      1. COFACTORS and COENZYMES
        can help produce a better fit of the enzyme-substrate complex
        Coenzymes = Vitamins
    2. Increased Concentration of Substrates
      1. Saturated
        All active sites are occupied
    3. Temperature
      1. Affect collision rate of enzymes with substrates
        Optimal Temperature
        Highest enzyme activity
        Too much below
        Inactive
        Snow movement, not as much or no collisions
        Too much above
        Denatured
        Heat affects tertiary structure of enzyme and unfolds
    4. pH
      1. Affect attraction of active site and therefore binding
        Hydrogen ions
        Extreme High
        Denature
        Extreme Low
        Optimal pH
        Highest enzyme activity
        Varies per enzyme

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Enzymes SAC Mindmap

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	Created by Minoshka Bocarro about 8 years ago