4829652
Description
Mind Map by Kayla Schmidt, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kayla Schmidt
about 8 years ago
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9.1: Transport in the xylem of plants
- Understanding
- U1: Transpiration is the inevitable
consequence of gas exchange in the leaf
- transpiration= loss of water vapor from the leaves
and stems of plants
- Factors affecting transpiration rate
- Humidity
- High humidity= low rate of transpiration
- High humidity= low rate of transpiration
- wind
- moves water away from the stomata
increasing the rate of transpiration
- moves water away from the stomata
increasing the rate of transpiration
- CO2
- stomata open and close
based on CO2 concentration
- lowers rate of transpiration
- lowers rate of transpiration
- stomata open and close
based on CO2 concentration
- Sunlight
- light opens guard cells
- increased rate of transpiration
- increased rate of transpiration
- light opens guard cells
- Temperature
- heat increases rate of evaporation
- increase rate of transpiration
- increase rate of transpiration
- heat increases rate of evaporation
- Humidity
- Guard Cells
- Controls the stomata
from opening or closing
- stomata
- CO2 and H2O can enter or leave the cell here
- CO2 and H2O can enter or leave the cell here
- stomata
- use trigger pressure to open or close stomata
- when there is a lot of water the guard cells
budge and open the stomata
- when there is a lot of water the guard cells
budge and open the stomata
- Controls the stomata
from opening or closing
- transpiration= loss of water vapor from the leaves
and stems of plants
- U2: Plants transport water from the roots to the
leaves to replace losses from respiration.
- water evaporates from the leaves
- water loss causes leaf to draw more water from the spongy
mesophyll into the air space
- this causes the spongy mesophyll to draw water from the
end of the xylem
- then due to water being weakly attracted to each other due to
hydrogen bonding (COHESION) the water gets sucked up from the
bottom of the xylem
- then due to water being weakly attracted to each other due to
hydrogen bonding (COHESION) the water gets sucked up from the
bottom of the xylem
- this causes the spongy mesophyll to draw water from the
end of the xylem
- water loss causes leaf to draw more water from the spongy
mesophyll into the air space
- water evaporates from the leaves
- U3: The cohesive property of water and the structure
of the xylem vessels allow transport under tension.
- cohesive properties
- water holds together which allows for water
to travel up the xylem, against gravity
- water holds together which allows for water
to travel up the xylem, against gravity
- xylem provides support
to the plant
- xylem is reinforced by rings of lignin
- xylem is reinforced by rings of lignin
- cohesive properties
- U4: The adhesive property of water and evaporation generate
tension forces in leaf cell walls.
- U5: Active uptake of mineral ions in the roots causes
absorption of water by osmosis
- since there is a greater concentration of mineral ions in the roots
than water in the soil active transport is needed using ATP
- since the concentration of mineral ions is increasing in the roots the water
concentration decreases causing water to enter the roots by osmosis
- since the concentration of mineral ions is increasing in the roots the water
concentration decreases causing water to enter the roots by osmosis
- plants have a mutualistic relationship with fungi. There gains are a
higher absorptive capacity for water and mineral nutrients due to the
funguses large surface area
- since there is a greater concentration of mineral ions in the roots
than water in the soil active transport is needed using ATP
- U1: Transpiration is the inevitable
consequence of gas exchange in the leaf
- Application
- A1: Adaptions of plants in deserts and in
saline soils for water conservation
- Plants have adapted to reduce water
loss in dry environments
- waxy leaves
- have a waxy cuticle on both the upper
and lower epidermis of the leaves
- waxy layer repels water loss
through both epidermises.
- have a waxy cuticle on both the upper
and lower epidermis of the leaves
- Firs and Pines
- needles as leaves reduces surface area
- thick waxy cuticle
- sunken stomata to limit exposer
- no lower epidermis
- needles as leaves reduces surface area
- Succulent
- needles as leaves to
reduce surface area
- water is stored in fleshy stem
- needles as leaves to
reduce surface area
- waxy leaves
- metabolic adaptions
- CAM
- reduces water loss by opening pores at night
but closing them during the day
- reduces water loss by opening pores at night
but closing them during the day
- CAM
- Plants have adapted to reduce water
loss in dry environments
- A2: Models of water transport in xylem using simple
apparatus including blotting or filter paper, porous pots
and capillary tubing
- A1: Adaptions of plants in deserts and in
saline soils for water conservation
- Skill
- S1: Draw the structure of primary xylem vessels in
sections of stems based on microscope images
- S2: Measurement of transpiration using photometers. (Practical 7)
- factors affecting rate of transpiration
- leaf surface area
- thickness of epidermis and cuticle
- stomatal frequency
- stomatal size
- stomatal position
- leaf surface area
- Abiotic factors
- factors affecting rate of transpiration
- S3: Design of an experiment to test hypotheses about the effect of
temperature or humidity on transpiration rates.
- S1: Draw the structure of primary xylem vessels in
sections of stems based on microscope images
- Nature of Science: Use models as represebtatiobs of the real world-
mechanisms unvolved in water transport in the xylem can be investigated
using apparatus and materials that show similarities in structure to plant
tissues
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