periodontal disease

periodontal disease

1. what is periodontal disease?

   • Inflammatory disease of periodontium

2. What is periodontium?

   • Group of tissues which support the teeth.

3. What is periodontology?

   • Study of healthy & diseased periodontium

4. What is plaque?

   • Houses stagnation areas
   • initial film only visible using disclosing agents
   • 70% micro-organisms & 30% inter bacterial substances.
     • Proteins, carbohydrate cells, enzymes, toxins & acids
   • micro-organisms, saliva & oral debris create a sticky film over teeth. Gathers in Stagnation areas i.e. pits & fissures, gingival margin, restorations, Fixed appliances & overhangs

5. chronic

   • Acute
     • Quick onset
       • NUG, perio abscess & periodontitis
   • Long Duration
     • chronic gingivitis & periodontitis

6. General health impact.

   • Immuno-compromised paitents are at higher risk due to their immune system not being able to control the bacteria which causes periodontitis.

7. Factors which INCREASE periodontal disease.

   • Pregnancy
   • Diabetes
   • HIV / AIDS
   • Leukemia
   • Vitamin deficencies
   • Drugs i.e anti-depressants
   • Smoking, Age & Stress

8. Factors of Plaque

   • Smoking
     • Pregnancy
       • Drug induced
         • Blood disorder
     • diabetes

9. Progression of Plaque

   • Organic Salivary Layer forms minutes within brushing. Stains lightly with disclosing agents. Bacteria only attaches after 3-8 hours and is non pathogenic/gram positive.
     • Clinical detectable layer of plaque forms . After 24 hours flora become complex & gram negative/pathogens are detected.
       • Organisms increase & pathogen/gram positive presence is greater. Pathogens release a toxin which irritates soft tissues.
         • Final phase of plaque maturation before calculus formation . Decrease in % of gram positive cocci/rods.
           • 7 Days
         • 3 Days
       • 24 Hours
     • Pellicle

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