Qualitative analysis

1. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: Method used to identify which chemicals are present e.g using an indicator for acids
2. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS: Method used to determine the amount of a particular chemical present e.g titration to find out how much acid is present

1. Each ion has its own unique test so it is easy to identify
   1. Metal ions are identified using flame tests (QUALITATIVE)
      1. 1) Piece of wire dipped in HCl and held into blue bunsen flame till it burns clean
      2. 2) Compound made into paste using HCl. Wire is dipped into pased to collect sample
      3. 3) The sample on the wire is put in the blue bunsen flame, which should burn with a distinctive colour. This is used to identify metal ion.

Attachments:

• Precipitate tests

1. To test for metal ions: sodium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of ionic subsatnce, if metal ions are present, specific precipitate forms.

Attachments:

• Test for Halide ions

1. To test for halide ions: dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate are added to ionic substance, specific precipitates will form

1. When sodium hydroxide is added to NH4+ ions and heated, ammonia gas is given off.
   1. If sodium hydroxide is added to an unknown substance and it gives off ammonia gas when heated, NH4+ is present
      1. Test for ammonia gas is: turns red litmus paper blue