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Behaviourist Approach
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Mind Map on Behaviourist Approach, created by leonara-x on 22/01/2014.
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leonara-x
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Resource summary
Behaviourist Approach
Basic Assumptions
Classical Conditioning - learning through association
Pavlov and Watson
Extinction - CR will disappear if UCS does not appear after the CS
Discrimination- CR elicited only by the origional CS
Generalisation - other similar stimuli to the origional CS can produce a CR
Operant Conditioning - learining through reinforcement, reward & punishment
Skinner
Methodological Behaviourism
All approaches in psychology use some aspects of behaviourism
Neo-behaviourism
includes cognitive processes and ideas
Humans are born with a blank slate- child can be 'made' into anything
All behaviour is learnt through the process of conditioning, past experiences & the environment
Primary reinforcers - food, water & sex are natural reinforcers
Secondary reinforcers - aquire reinforcing properties through association of primary R. We have to learn through CC to find them reinforcing
Methods
Animal studies
Skinners box- rat exp
Pavlovs dogs
Presenting a NS with an UCR = CS & CR
Observational Methods
Little Albert study
Application
Behaviour therapy to stop abnormal behaviours
Systematic desensitisation
conditions positive associations with feared objects in phobias
Aversion therapy
conditions negative associations with addictions
Educational techniques with the use of reinforcement, punishment & reward
Forensics
Token economy in prison systems
Social Influence
reinforcement within obedience
Distraction conflict theory
Asch
Attachment
Strange situation, responses to social releasers
Cupboard love theory - food associations
Friendship - reinforcement of cross sex play
Serbin
Mood disorders
Learned helplessness theory
Where punishment is constant & unavoidable, individuals give up and acccept punishment (Goes against principles of OC)
Debates
Deterministic
Human behaviour is entirely determined by past experiences & conditioning
Environmental determinism
Skinner debated with Rodgers about the nature of free will
Rejects biological influences that may effect our behaviour
Reductionist
Comparing humans to animals
Individuals treated as machines
Ignores cognitive processes
Tolman - rats form cognitive maps when running through a maze
Nature/Nurture
Learning processes are innate in everyone
Nomothetic
All behaviours are based around these principles/laws on learning
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