Strong leader - took lead
in preparing burial of
Misenus
Impatient - abandons funeral to take
golden branch to the Sybil
Distressed to Find Dido dead
Cries and tries to
comfort her
Dido
"burning spirit"
Death has not dulled her
"unhappy Dido"
Refuses to look Aeneas in the
eye
Runs away from him
Pityable
Aeneas was
"pitying her as
she went"
Hates Aeneas
"she rushed away,
hating him"
Anchises
Loyal to family
"reviewing his dear descendants"
Loves his son - tries to hug him 3 times
wise
Helen
"the Murderess from Sparta"
Heroism
Elysium is where heroes go when they die
"great hearted heroes born in a better time"
The only people who have succeeded in leaving the
underworld have been the "sons of gods" favoured by
Jupiter, or virtuous
Misenus described as a"hero"
Aeneas joins company of Hercules and
Theseus in being transported into the
underworld
Separate field for "brave warriors"
Honour and Reputation
Aeneas' Descendants will be warriors with great strength - reflects well on Aeneas
Aeneas' descendants will have many victories in battle
The reputation of the line of Teucer lives on
"the fairest of all families"
Aeneas chastised by the Sybil for being slow to offer his vows and prayers
Palinarus is pleased to know they will name a land after him
Family
Aeneas will have a second son - Silvius
Venus Helps Aeneas find the golden branch
Aeneas goes to the Underworld to seek
advice from his father
Deiphobus Referred to as "the son of Priam"
Women
Blamed for Deiphobus' death
The Sybil is treated with respect
Boatman accepts her authority in allowing
Aeneas to enter the boat
Dido is portrayed as someone worthy
of pity
Aeneas gets more emotional at seeing her than
she does at seeing him
Lots of the gods of the underworld are female
Only people mentioned in the "mourning
plains" are female, & Caenus - who has
been restored to the form of a woman. In
all the other parts of the underworld it is
only men who are mentioned
Idea of only women being victims
of their hearts
Role of the gods
Virgil makes prayer to the "gods
who rule the world of the spirits"
and Chaos and Phlegethon
Venus Helps Aeneas
The Sybil is relating Apollo's prophecies
Gods are less directly involved in this book
Porsepina must
have her branch in
order for Aeneas
to enter the
underworld
Power of Fate
What the Sybil Prophesies will happen
Aeneas is feels he is owed by the fates
"The Kingdom I ask for is no more than what is owed to me by the fates"
Fate owes some souls a second body
Romans would know that what Anchises said was fated to be Aeneas'
legacy would come to pass
Portrayal of war
Anchises implores the Romans not
to "turn your strong hands against
the flesh of your motherland"
Civil war = bad
Anchises talks of
Marcellus quelling a great
uprising, and laying low
the Gauls and
Carthaginians
War to protect Rome = good
Rome's Imperial Destiny
"glory" awaits the "Sons of Dardanus"
(Aeneas' descendants)
Aeneas' son Silvius will rule Alba
Longa
Mention of Romulus - he will found Rome
The coming of Augustus Caesar is
"often prophesied"
The Caesars are descended from Iulius
Moral Values
People must be buried
Otherwise they are stranded on the
banks of the Styx
Even those
who died on
false charges
must be
retried
Cruelest punishments reserved for
those who have sinned against the
gods
Suicide seen as
sad, prevents
people from living
in Elysium
Only the worst go to Tartarus
Frauds - those who have
bragged and cheated in life
People who hated their
brothers & beat their
fathers