hypertension

hypertension

blood Pa
1. measure w/ cuff over 2/3rd length of upper arm
2. rises w/ age & height
3. plot readings on centile chart
=bp >95th centile for height, age & sex
causes of symptomatic HTN
1. renal
  1. renal parenchymal disease
  2. renovascular e.g. renal artery stenosis
    1. RAN correctible by angioplasty
  3. polycystic kidney disease
    1. ARPKD
    2. ADPKD
  4. renal tumours
2. coarctation of aorta
  1. correctible by surgical repair
3. catecholamine excess
  1. phaechromocytoma
    1. correct by resection
  2. neuroblastoma
4. essential HTN
  1. diag of exclusion
5. endocrine
  1. congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  2. Cushing syn or corticosteroid therapy
  3. hyperthyroidism
presentation
1. vomiting
2. headaches
3. facial palsy
4. hypertensive retinopathy
5. convulsions
6. proteinuria
7. in infants
  1. failure to thrive
  2. heart failure
8. of phaeochromocytoma
  1. paroxysmal palpitations
  2. sweating
Rx
1. surgery
2. antihypertensive meds
early detection important
1. annual bp check of kids w/ renal abnormality
2. kids w/ fam hx of essential HTN
  1. encourage
    1. restricted salt intake
    2. avoid obesity
    3. regular bp check up

Resource summary

	Created by v.djabatey over 10 years ago