renal calculi

renal calculi

uncommon in childhood
1. so if occurring, look for predisposing causes
  1. UTI
  2. structural anomalies for urinary tract
  3. metabolic abnormalities
types
1. phosphate stones
  1. commonest
  2. assoc w/ infection
    1. esp Proteus
2. Ca2+ containing
  1. idiopathic hypercalciuria
    1. the commonest metabolic abnormality
  2. increased urinary urate & oxalate excretion
  3. nephrocalcinosis
    1. = deposition of Ca2+ in renal parenchyma
    2. can occur w hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria & distal renal tubular acidosis
    3. a complication of furosemide therapy in neonates
3. rare
  1. cystine
  2. xanthine
presentation
1. haematuria
2. loin or abdo pain
3. UTI
4. passage of a stone
Mx
1. lithotripsy or surgery
  1. for stones not passed spontaneously
  2. & repair of any structural abnormality
2. high fluid intake recommended for all kids
3. if metabolic abnormality, specific therapy

Resource summary

	Created by v.djabatey over 10 years ago