Freshwater

Freshwater

Water
1. Salt water
  1. 97.5%
2. Freshwater
  1. 2.5%
    1. Surface water
      1. 0.3%
    2. Polar regions
      1. 70%
    3. Ground water
      1. 29.7%
Five spheres
1. Lithosphere (groundwater)
2. Atmosphere
3. Biosphere (ecosystems)
4. Cryosphere (frozen water)
5. Hydrosphere (liquid water)
Hydrological cycle
1. Inputs
  1. Precipitation
2. Outputs
  1. Transpiration
  2. Evaporation
  3. Evapotranspiration
  4. River flow/discharge
3. Stores of water
  1. Vegetation storage
  2. Interception
  3. Surface storage
  4. Soil moisture storage
  5. Groundwater storage
  6. Channel storage
4. Transfer
  1. Stemflow
  2. Stemfall
  3. Surface runoff
  4. Infiltration
  5. Throughflow
  6. Percolation
  7. Ground water
  8. Baseflow
Eustatic change
1. Always a global effect
2. When the sea level changed due to an alteration in the volume of water in the oceans, or a change in the shape of an ocean basin, therefore changing the amount of water it is able to hold
Isostatic change
1. Result of increase or decrease in height of land; sea level rises as land height decreases, and sea level falls as the height of the land increases
2. Local sea level change
Ice sheet
1. Biggest ice sheet: Antarctic ice sheet, hold 90% of Earth's freshwater
2. A chunk of glacier ice that covers the land surrounding it and is greater than 50,000 km
3. Since they are found on land, their melting does contribute to the rise of sea levels
Ice shelf
1. Floating extension of land ice
2. Receive ice from:
  1. Flow of ice from the continents
  2. Surface accumulation (snow fall)
  3. Freezing of marine ice to their undersides
Consequences of sea levels rising
1. Erosion
2. Flooding
3. Contamination of aquifers
4. Contamination of agriculture soils
5. Loss of habitat for fish, birds and plants

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	Created by Atalya Nir about 8 years ago