The Renaissance

Annotations:

• The renaissance is a culture that started in Italy and the french meaning of this word means rebirth. 

1. Ancient Greece and Rome

   Annotations:

   • The ancient Rome and Greece is the two cultures that the Renaissance is mostly in to and is based on these two cultures. The reason I put it here is because that the Renaissance would have never existed if the ancient Greece and Rome weren't there.
2. Arts

   Annotations:

   • The art of the Renaissance is based on the ancient Greece and Rome. In the paintings the figures were either nude or barely clothed, and the art work showed both religious things and non-religious things.
   1. Raphael

      Annotations:

      • This is a very famous painter and also an architect from the Renaissance times, he was famous for the clarity of his art works and he also worked with Leonardo Da Vinci. The most famous art of his is The School of Athens.
   2. Donatello

      Annotations:

      • Donatello was one of the early time sculptor of the renaissance, he was famous for his art work of sculptures, his mainly worked on stone, wood, bronze, clay and wax. His best-known works were mostly statues in the round.
   3. Michelangelo

      Annotations:

      • Michelangelo was a sculptor, painter, architect, and a poet.  He was considered the greatest artist at the renaissance time, he was also a man who influenced the development of the western art, and two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David.
   4. Shakespeare

      Annotations:

      • Shakespeare was counted as one of the best English writer in the history, he was also an actor, in his life time he made 38 plays, which is very incredible because he lived 58 eight years, and a play usually takes a while to make and he also writes other things. He was often called the national poet of England.
3. Architecture

   Annotations:

   • The architect  style of the Renaissance is building the building symmetry and geometric, so the buildings at that time looked fairly even. The reason I put this here is because the architect was a pretty cool part of the Renaissance, they learned for the ancient Greece and Rome buildings and studied them and then build one of their style that is close but different from the ancient times.
   1. Brunelleschi

      Annotations:

      • Brunelleschi is the first architect in the Renaissance time, he is famous for making the big dome that no body was able to make because of the tech. at that time, but he broke through and made the world's biggest brick dome. I put him here because he made the buildings at the Renaissance better and brought new building ideas to the Renaissance.
4. Science

   Annotations:

   • The science of the renaissance time had major improvements. For example the medical technology improved because of Vesalius, and math also improved a lot because of Copernicus these two people probably made some of the biggest science improvements in the renaissance time. 
   1. Leonardo da Vinci

      Annotations:

      • Leonardo da Vinci is like a robot, he has so many talents, he can paint and also be a scientist at the same time, he was one of the greatest painters of the renaissance, and the historians now calls him a Universal Genius, because he was experts in so many things, he studied painting, science, human anatomy, math, music and also had ideas of making airplanes, parachute and gliders, he even changed the world now because of the ideas he had.  
   2. Copernicus

      Annotations:

      • He was a famous astronomer at that time, and also studied math, he made the theory that the sun is the center of the universe and also made a drawing of our universe, he was counted one of the people who made the most contribution  in the science revolution  .
   3. Galileo

      Annotations:

      •  Galileo was another scientist form the renaissance time, the thing that made him special is how he helped us study physics now, he is called the father of physics and also the father of science. He discover four largest satellites of Jupiter, and he made the military compass better which was a major thing back in the days.
5. Humanism

   Annotations:

   • The  Humanism is a very important part of the Renaissance because if the humanists never came out saying things like the people should be more independent, then it will be hard for the Renaissance to improve, the humanist tells people to have their own thoughts and actually writing about their thoughts and not always just religious things or things about the rich people.
   1. Independent Thinking

      Annotations:

      • The change of independent thinking changed the whole thing back in the renaissance time, after the people herd of the having independent thinking idea they started to have their own thoughts, the writers then don't only write about the rich people and bible, they write how they feel and made stories, and this made reading fun to the people and also the people started to tell others their own thoughts and had new ideas about things, is major action improved the technology because of all the new thinkings.
      1. Change

         Annotations:

         • The biggest changes of the whole renaissance is probably the independent thinking brought up by the the humanists, the change of this is so huge there is like no rage of what things it changed, for examples it changed the way people acted and the way writers write and the things people say, its just too many so be all listed out, the change was just a huge major change, a good changem not a bad change.
   2. Petrarch

      Annotations:

      • Petrarch was the earliest humanist in Italy and was also a great poet and a scholar, humanist were very important at the renaissance time, because they brought more freedom in the renaissance time, and made things improve faster. Petrarch was often called the 'Father of Humanism'
   3. Perspective

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      • The humanists have very different perspective from most of the people, but this  is a good thing, if a sacities 
   4. Non Religious Themes
6. Florence, Italy

   Annotations:

   • Florence, Italy was where the Renaissance first occurred, and this place was a place where a lot of famous people of the renaissance were from, even the biggest dome was built in the city, this city is the richest of the city states of Italy. 
7. Gutenberg

   Annotations:

   • Gutenberg made a major change in the renaissance by changing the print and press, he made the characters on the press be able the be moved around and this made printing a lot more easy, and because of this, the renaissance was able the spread faster through out the whole Europe.
   1. Printing

      Annotations:

      • The printing back then was not as easy as you think, they need to carve what they needed to print on to a piece of wood or stone and the put ink on it and then press it on to what they want to print on, if one little pert of the carving went wrong through out the carving time they would have to redo the whole print press page. This was before Gutenberg made the characters on the press moveable.
   2. Famous Printed Bible

      Annotations:

      • The Famous Printed Bible is a bible that is made by Gutenberg's new meta printing device, the new device can move characters around making it easier to print different things and was used often to print things, the bible was famous because it was made by the printing device made by Gutenberg.
8. Medici Family

   Annotations:

   • The Medici family is richest family in Italy at the renaissance time, they are a banking family and later became royals and rule city states of the Italy. This made a big change because they made the other cities rich too and the trade got better and the trade helped the renaissance to spread faster.
9. Machiavelli

   Annotations:

   • Machiavelli was a famous historian politician, humanist, and also an writer. He was called the of modern political science, as a writer he wrote comedies, as a politician he was the  secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence, one of his most famous theory is that killing some good people to get rid of bad is good.
10. Medicine

    Annotations:

    • The medicine of the renaissance, are pretty easy things to get your hands on, because back then they didn't have all the complicated medicines like we have today, back then they use boiling oil to heal wounds from gun shots and the later found out that roses oil and egg yolk had the same effect too.
    1. Vesalius

       Annotations:

       •  Vesalius was the most famous doctor at that time, he studied human anatomy and also preformed many dissections of real human body, he was the author of the book that changed the human anatomy even now, he was a very skilled doctor, he even attempted his first surgery right after he graduated form the medical school.
    2. Patrons

       Annotations:

       • Patrons are people who supports other group with money or other things, and the Medici family were kind of like that, since they are so rich, they supported the city states and then eventually became the ruler of the city ruler, and so like queen Elizabeth, she is a patron of Shakespeare because she likes his work a lot.
11. Politics

    Annotations:

    • The politicians back then was basically the priests, because the people usually believe whatever the priests says, such as the people actually believed that buying a ticket from the church can actually make them go to heaven faster they die. This was changed after the humanists stepped out and said things about humanism, and then the politicians were the rich Medici family who governed most of the city states in Italy. 
    1. Power of the Church and Kings Challenged

       Annotations:

       • These two people were like against to each other, because they both wanted power over the people, because at first before the whole humanism idea got through everyone the churched were like the city halls, the people did exactly what the churched told them and also believed what they were told, so the kings couldn't really get the power and the money from the people because the people spend the money to buy tickets sold by the churches which says the ticket will make you go to heaven faster. 
12. Rebirth of Classical Ideas

    Annotations:

    • The rebirth of the classical ideas is basically the the whole meaning of the renaissance, the renaissance is a time period where the people were all interested in the classical art and things, and the people would study the classical art works.