Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides
1. "The monomers that make up carbohydrates"
2. Glucose
  1. Alpha
  2. Beta
  3. Has Six Carbon atoms
    1. Hexose Sugar
  4. Soluble structure makes it easily transported, which helps its function as the main energy source for humans and animals
3. Ribose
  1. 5 Carbon Atoms
    1. Pentose Sugar
Disaccharides
1. Synthesis of Glycosidic Bonds
  1. 1) Hydrogen atom on one monosaccharide bonds to (OH) group on another
  2. 2) This bond releases a water molecule
  3. 3) This is a condensation reaction
2. "Two monosaccharides bonded together"
3. Break down of Glycosidic Bonds
  1. Molecule of water reacts with glycosidic bond, breaking it apart
  2. Hydrolysis
4. Common Disaccharides
  1. Maltose
    1. Glucose + Glucose
  2. Sucrose
    1. Glucose + Fructose
  3. Lactose
    1. Glucose + Galactose
Polysaccharides
1. "More than two monosaccharides joined together"
2. Starch
  1. Amylose
    1. Unbranched chain of A-Glucose. Angles of bonds give it coil structure
      1. Compact and good for storage
  2. Amylopectin
    1. Branched chain of A-Glucose
      1. Branches allow glucose to be released quickly as the enzymes can easily break down the molecules to get to the bonds
  3. Main energy storage material for plants
3. Glycogen
  1. Main energy storage material in animals
  2. Animals store excess glucose as glycogen
  3. Similar structure to Amylopectin but many more branches
    1. Stored glucose can be released quickly
    2. Compact so its good for storage
4. Cellulose
  1. Major component of plant cell walls
  2. Long, Unbranched chains of B-Glucose
    1. When beta molecules bond, the chains are straight
    2. Cellulose chains joined together by hydrogen bonds
      1. Strong fibres formed provide support

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Carbohydrates

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	Created by Dean Lundie about 8 years ago