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5904080
1_Acids and Bases
Description
Grade 12 Physical Science Mind Map on 1_Acids and Bases, created by Lester Stoffels on 20/07/2016.
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igcse chemistry
physical science
grade 12
Mind Map by
Lester Stoffels
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
talieparker
about 10 years ago
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Lester Stoffels
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Resource summary
1_Acids and Bases
Properties
Acids contains H+ ions
Proton donor
Have a pH of 1-6
Acids turn blue litmus paper red
The Universal indicator scale shows that acids are red, yellow or orange.
Red is a strong acid
methyl orange indicators- turns yellow with alkali and orange with acid
Phenolphtahalien turns colourless in acids and pink in alkalis
Strong acids contain mainly H+ ions whereas weak acids contain less
Bases/alkalis contain OH- ions
Proton acceptors
Have a pH of 8-14
alkalii's turn red litmus paper blue
Water is neutral and has a pH of 7
Metal salts
are all alkaline
created by reacting a metal and an acid
Hydrogen gas is produced as a by product
Can be made by titration, precipitation and neutralisation
Titration: used to find the amount of acid needed to neutralise a known amount of alkali or vice versa
acids plus metal oxides or hydroxides makes a metal salt an water
acids plus metal carbonates make carbon dioxide, metal salt and water
naming salts
nitric acid- makes nitrates
hydrochloric acid makes chlorides
sulphuric acid makes sulphates
Types of acids
Hydrochloric acid HCl is a strong acid
Sulphuric acid H2SO4 is a strong acid
ethanoic acid is a weak acid which is also called vinegar
Infact all carboxylic acids are weak acids
nitric acid HNO3 iis a strong acid
Calculations
Concentration in moles/dm3 is the number of moles divided volume in dm3
Solubility rules
all nitrates are soluble
all chlorides are soluble except for silver and lead
all sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble
Neutralisation
occurs when H+ ions and OH_ ion fully dissasociate
Where do we find them?
beestings
can be neutralised with baking soda
ctric acids found in citrus fruits
Sulphur dioxide reacts with water in the clouds to make acid rain
use quicklime and slaked lime to neutralise acidic soil
Tests for cations and anions
ts for carbonates - add HCl, if CO2 is produced it will turn limewater milky
chloride, bromide and iodide ions: acidify with dilurte acid and add barium nitrate
Chrloride: white ppt
Bromide cream ppt
Iodide: yellow ppt
Fe2+ and Fe 3+ ": add NaOH, grreen ppt for Fe2+ and Red/brown ppt for Fe3+
oxides
amphroteric oxides are act as both acids and bases
basic oxides are always metal oxides
Safety
strong acids and bases are corrosive
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