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Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates

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Monosaccharides form disaccharides. All Monosaccharides are reducing sugars. Some disaccharides are reducing sugars. Test for reducing sugars with Benedict's Reagent { (1)Equal volume of sample and BR (2) Heat at 70'C for 5 minutes (3) If it turns 'brick-red' a reducing sugar is present}. Test for non-reducing sugars and starch is also included.
Lauren Bailee
Mind Map by Lauren Bailee, updated more than 1 year ago
Lauren Bailee
Created by Lauren Bailee over 7 years ago
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Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates
  1. Monosaccharides (MONOMER)
    1. CnH2nOn
      1. n= 3-7
      2. Glucose
        1. Galactose
          1. Fructose
            1. C6H12o6
              1. Triose
                1. Pentose
                  1. Hexose
                    1. SOLUBLE!!
                      1. Sweet
                      2. Disaccharides
                        1. Glucose
                          1. Condensation reaction=H2O
                            1. GLUCOSE
                              1. Alpha-Glucose
                                1. Beta-Glucose
                              2. TESTS
                                1. Reducing Sugars:
                                  1. 1. Same vol of sample and Benedict's Reagent
                                    1. 2. Heat at 70'C for 5 mins
                                      1. 3. Insoluble red precipitate formed (Copper Oxide)
                                        1. 'Brick-Red'= Positive test
                                  2. Non-Reducing Sugars:
                                    1. 1. Sample+Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
                                      1. 2. Boil for 5 mins
                                        1. 3. Gradually add Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate sol until mixture is neutral
                                          1. 4. Retest same as Reducing Sugar
                                            1. Positive test will go 'Brick red'
                                              1. If it weren't reducing or non-reducing, would stay blue after this.
                                      2. Starch:
                                        1. 1. Sample+2 drops of Iodine sol
                                          1. 2. Shake/Stir
                                            1. 3. Positive test= blue-black

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