Biological Molecules

Bonds
Water
1. Bonding
  1. Polar covalent
  2. Hydrogen
2. Characteristics
  1. Unusually high boiling point
    1. It takes a lot of energy to make water gaseous
  2. Ice is less dense than liquid water
    1. When water is below 4 C, the H bonds fix the polar molecules further apart creating a rigid but open structure
  3. Cohesive properties
    1. Water moves as one mass because the molecules are attracted to each other
    2. Its cohesive properties creates surface tension
3. Life
  1. Solvent
    1. Water acts as a medium for chemical reactions
    2. The cytosol of prokaryotes and eukaryotes consists mainly of water
  2. Efficient transport medium
    1. Cohesion
      1. Molecules stick together when travelling through the body
    2. Adhesion and cohesion result in water exhibiting capilary action
  3. Coolent
    1. Buffers temperature changes in chemical reactions within the cells
  4. Environment
Carbohydrates
1. Glucose
  1. Monosaccharide
  2. Alpha glucose
    1. H above C1
    2. OH below C1
  3. Polar and soluble in water
    1. Hydroxyl groups and water molecules
    2. Glucose is dissolved in the cytosol of the cell
  4. Beta glucose
    1. OH above C1
    2. H below C1
2. Condensation Reactions
  1. Form glycosidic bonds between two glucose molecles
  2. Produces a disaccaride (two monosaccharides) and a water molecule
  3. Pentose monosaccharides are sugars that contain 5 carbon atoms
    1. Ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA
3. Starch and glycogen
  1. Many alpha glucose molecules form starch
  2. Amylose
    1. Only 1-4 glycosidic bonds
    2. Creates a helix
Lipids
1. Triglycerides
2. Saturated and unsaturated
3. Phospholipids
4. Sterols
5. Roles
6. Identification
Proteins
DNA

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Biological Molecules

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	Created by Maddie Cuthbert almost 8 years ago