The Land Question

1. borrow 2/3 from gov

1. rents > 20 % behind prices

1. THE NEW DEPARTURE
   1. John Devoy
   2. Kickham and IRB Supreme Council refuse support

1. Connaught Telegraph

1. Westport
2. June 1879
3. Parnell

1. parliamentary pressure
   1. + Local agitation
2. fundraising tour of US
   1. > £70,000 for famine relief + League

Annotations:

• 1. Achieve 3 Fs 2. end rack-renting, eviction, landlord oppression 3. peasant proprietorship

1. Speech at Ennis, Co. Clare 1880
   1. Parnell

1. Killing and maiming of cattle
2. burning of barns

1. whiteboys

1. just over 200 in 1877
   1. over 4000 in 1881

1. Coercion
   1. obstructionism banned
   2. Davitt rearrested
   3. WALK OUT
2. W. E. Forster

1. Ulster Custom
2. land court
3. scheme - borrow 3/4
4. flaws!!!
   1. arrears
   2. written agreements
5. L.L. REACTION
   1. abstention of HR
   2. Parnell: October 1881: Prison
   3. NO RENT MANIFESTO
      1. L. L. illegal
         1. CAPTAIN MOONLIGHT

1. 49 years!!

1. 25,000 tenants

1. United Ireland
2. Timothy O'Brian

1. not Parnell
2. John Dillon & William O'Brian

1. if refused rent reduction
   1. lodge money in fund
      1. campaign against landlordism
      2. support evicted

1. Parnell tries to stop it
   1. compromise
      1. continue where in operation

1. 3 Pronged Approach
   1. Coercion
      1. summer 1887 Coercion Act
      2. Bloody Balfour
      3. encouraged police to take strong line
      4. over 20 HR MPS serve time during POC
   2. Pope Leo XIII
      1. sent Archbishop Ignaz Persico 1887
      2. Letter condemning POC 1888
         1. maj. bishops avoid open support
   3. Landlords
      1. e.g. Arthur Smith-Barry

1. (success 84, failure 15)

1. Land movement less effective
2. contributed to rift

1. some not restored 1907

1. gov advance £33 million in loans
   1. 49 years
2. OVER 47,000!!!

1. assistance to SW
   1. development of home industries
   2. advice and instructions
   3. redistribution of land
   4. part-financing infrastructure
2. UNTIL 1923
3. did not eradicate underlying causes

1. Primary Level: production
   1. poor quality
   2. Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction
      1. 1895
      2. out of findings of a Recess Committee
         1. Ireland: Overtaxed
      3. 1899
      4. qualified instructors
      5. grants to tech schools + colleges
2. Secondary Level: distribution
   1. middlemen
   2. 1894
      1. Irish Agricultural Organisation Society
         1. 30 existing co-ops 1889
         2. "The Irish Homestead"
            1. ed. George Russel

1. John Dillon: Killing HR
2. shopkeepers etc
3. "Ireland in the New Century"
   1. 1904
      1. Role of Cath. Church

1. avoid Land War

1. called by Galway landlord John Shawe-Taylor
   1. support: Balfour (PM) + Wyndham (Chief Secretary)
2. chairman: Lord Dunraven
3. Redmond, O'Brian and Timothy Harrington

1. 68 years

1. between 1903 and 1909 - +270,000