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80187
Animals respiratory system
Description
Mind Map on Animals respiratory system, created by rachbreen on 09/05/2013.
Mind Map by
rachbreen
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
rachbreen
almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Animals respiratory system
Exchange surfaces
Specialised area, adapted so molecules pass easily
Large organisms
Small SA:V
Multicellular
Large diffusion distance
Need more supplies due to more activity
Specialised exchange system
Transport system
Large SA
Thin barrier
Fresh supply/ Removal of molecules
Conc gradient steep
Small organisms
Large SA:V
Don't require many nutrients, due to less activity
Lungs
Lots of alvleoli
SA
Partially permeable membrane
Allow CO2 + O2 diffusion
Thin barrier
alveolus wall 1 cell thick
Squamous cells 1 cell thick + flattened
Capillaries close contact to alveolus
RBC squeezed against capillary wall
Total barrier is only 2 cell thick
Diffusion gradient maintained
High O2 supply, low O2 on demand side
Components
Cartilage
Smooth muscle
Elastic fibres
Goblet cells
Cilliated epithelium
Tiny hair like projections
Wafts mucus into stomach where enzymes destroy it
Secrete mucus
Traps tiny particles reducing infection
Smooth muscle relaxes, elastic fibres recoil to original size
Dilates airway
Contracts which constricts airway - lumen gets smaller
Allergies
Structural role
Supports trachea and bronchi
Prevents collapse when air pressure is low inside
Not complete ring, flexibility
Inhalation
Diagphragm contracts, pushes organs down
External intercostal muscles contract and raise ribs
Internal relax
Chest cavity volume increases
Air moves into lung
Exhalation
Diagphram relaxes, pushed up by displaced organs
External intercostal muscles relax and ribs lower
Internal contract
Volume decreases
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