PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

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1. occur when
   1. enough cell become functional
   2. enough cell dies and loss function
2. due to
   1. autoimmue
   2. viruses
   3. chemicals
   4. environment,pollution
   5. drugs

1. Therapeutics
   1. use of drugs
      1. diagnose
      2. prevent and illness
2. Pharmacology
   1. study of drugs and interaction with living system
3. Clinical Pharmacology
   1. study of drugs in human
4. Drugs
   1. any chemical that effect living processes
   2. properties of ideal drugs
      1. effectiveness
         1. most important properties
      2. safety
         1. pharmakon = poison in Greek
         2. safe at high conc. & for long periods administration
      3. selectivity
         1. elicits only the response
         2. selective for specific reaction with no side effects
            1. ( there is no such thing )
         3. example
            1. anti histamines = drowsiness
            2. oral contaceptives = morning sickness,cramps,depresion
            3. morphine = constipation & respiratory depression
            4. antixirals
   3. additional properties od ideal drugs
      1. reversible action
         1. general anesthetic
         2. contraceptives
      2. predictability
      3. ease of administration
         1. low doses & easy to administer
            1. increase compliance
            2. decrease errors
               1. diabetic patient : multiple daily injection of insulin
               2. intravenous infusion
      4. freedom from drug interactions
         1. not augmented or decrease action of drugs
      5. chemical stability
         1. no lose of effectivenesss with storage
      6. low cost
         1. easy to afford ( chronic illness )
            1. lifelong medication
               1. hypertension
               2. arthritis
               3. diabetes
      7. simple generic name
         1. easy to remember & pronounce
            1. viagra ( sildenafil )
               1. panadol ( paracetamol )

1. drugs categorization
   1. action on body
   2. general therapeutic effect
   3. body system affected
2. kinds of therapy
   1. acute
      1. improve life threatening or serious condition
   2. empiric
      1. give until another test prove another therapy is appropriate
   3. palliative
      1. reduce severity of a condition or pain
   4. prophylactic
      1. prevent a disease or condition
   5. replacment
      1. provide chemical missing by the patients
   6. supportive
      1. for condition other than primary disease
   7. supplemental
      1. avoid deficiency

1. best medical treatment under the present circumstances
2. best from the viewpoint of the patient and society
3. decision on rationality
   1. how large the effects should be ?
      1. depends on
         1. disease
         2. other treatments
         3. adverse reaction
         4. price

1. any drug not over the counter requires a prescription
2. 4 basic parts
   1. superscription
   2. inscription
   3. subsription
   4. signature
3. patients education about OTC drugs
   1. give attention whether patients is taking prescription or OTC
   2. caution patients not to treat themselves with OTC drugs
   3. inform patients many OTC drugs contain more than one active ingredient
   4. tell the patients that interaction can occur whan a person takes more than one OTC at a time or with prescription drugs