Population Case Studies

Solving Overpopulation through Birth Control - China's 1 Child Policy 1979
1. Reasons for it being Introduced?
  1. Baby Boom
  2. Led to famine in 1950's killing 35 million people.
2. Effects of it?
  1. Gave 10% salary increase to those that followed it and provided free healthcare and schooling.
  2. Those that disobeyed, fined to point of bankruptcy and forced abortions (Granny Police)
  3. Reduced population by 400 million people over 20 years, more food, money and jobs available.
  4. However, boys valued more, led to female infranticide and abandonment. Difficult for people on farms.
3. Changes to it in 1990's?
  1. Only children themselves and farmers allowed 2.
  2. Still gender imbalance - 60 million more boys.
  3. 4 2 1 syndrome
  4. As China has developed, wealthier (people can afford fines) and women emancipation (Naturally less births)
Solving Overpopulation without using Birth Control - Indonesia Transmigration
1. Problems
  1. Overcrowding particularly in Jakarter: lacking food and space and suffering poor health.
2. Solutions
  1. Transmigration: Encouraged to move via boats to sparsely populated islands like Borneo with incentives including: free land, free house and free travel.
3. Effects
  1. Total of 3 million moved.
  2. Helps to develop rural areas.
  3. Deforestation ruins habitats and causes soil erosion.
  4. Strained relationships between locals and settlers.
  5. Only delays and spreads out problem.
Ageing Population - UK
1. Why?
  1. Increased Life Expectancy as a result of better healthcare and better lifestyles (exercising, good diets and leisure time)
  2. Dropping Birth Rates as a result of emancipation of women.
2. Issues
  1. Residential Homes and Healthcare under pressure (Expensive)
  2. Too few economically active people to support them (Bad dependancy ratio)
  3. Government struggles paying pensions.
3. Solutions
  1. Raising Retirement Age to 67
  2. Encouraging Women to have Children - longer maternity, paid hours of childcare and support going back to work.
  3. Encouraging Immigration of young peope - more economically active (taxes) and more women of child-bearing age.
Migration within the EU - Eastern Europe (Poland) to the UK
1. Eastern Europe (Poland)
  1. Positives
    1. Remittance sent home
    2. Reduces pressure on resources.
  2. Negatives
    1. Brain Drain
    2. Bad Dependancy Ratio when people leave.
2. UK
  1. Positives
    1. Unwanted '3D' Jobs taken by cheap immigrants.
    2. Pay tax in UK - better dependancy
    3. Cultural Diversity
  2. Negatives
    1. Take jobs from unemployed Britons.
    2. Money sent back in remittance - lose £4 billion a year
    3. Pressure on resources & services.
    4. Racial Intolerance
International Migration - Ghana to Italy
1. PUSH FACTORS: GDP only $540, 28% live in poverty & 100,000 forced from homes due to war.
2. PULL FACTORS: GDP $26,000, 10% live in poverty, job opportunity & healthcare.
3. Ghana
  1. Positives
    1. 7.6% of GDP from remittance
    2. Less pressure on resources.
  2. Negatives
    1. Brain Drain - lost 2000 nurses/doctors in 2000
    2. 150,000 left in 2000
4. Italy
  1. Positives
    1. Cheap labour for businesses.
    2. Sharing of Culture
  2. Negatives
    1. 40% of their population growth from immigrants
    2. 3x Unemployment Rate as migrants take jobs for less money.

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	Created by Ellen Laidlaw about 11 years ago