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Childhood
- sociologists see childhood as socially constructed.
- the modern western notion: it is generally
accepted in our society today that childhood
is a special time of life and that children are
fundamentally different from adults.
- Jane Plicher, most important
feature of the modern idea of
childhood is separateness
- realated to the separatness of childrens
statues is the idea of a childhood as a
'golden age' of happiness and innocence
- Jane Plicher, most important
feature of the modern idea of
childhood is separateness
- cross-cultural differences in childhood: a good was to illustrate the social construction
of childhood is to take a comparative approach. it looks at how childreen are seen and
treated.
- samantha Punchas study of childhood in rual Bolvia
found hat, once children are about five years old, they
are expected to take work responsibilities in the home
and in the commuity.
- samantha Punchas study of childhood in rual Bolvia
found hat, once children are about five years old, they
are expected to take work responsibilities in the home
and in the commuity.
- Historical differneces in childhood: Many sociologists
and historians argue that childhood as we understand
as today is a relatively recent invention.
- Philippe Aries, argued that in the middle aged the idea of childhood did not exsist.
Children were not seen as having a different 'nature' or needs from adults, but once
they passed the stage of physical dependency during infancy.
- Philippe Aries, argued that in the middle aged the idea of childhood did not exsist.
Children were not seen as having a different 'nature' or needs from adults, but once
they passed the stage of physical dependency during infancy.
- Reasons for hcanges in the position of childhood: Laws
restricted childhood labour and excluding children from paid
work.
- The introdcution of complusory schooling in 1880
had a similar effet espically for the children of the
poor.
- The introdcution of complusory schooling in 1880
had a similar effet espically for the children of the
poor.
- The march of progress view: These differences raise the question of
whether the changes in the status of childhood, represents an
improvement.
- The 'march progress view' argues that over the past few centuries the position of childhood in the
western society has been steadily improving and today it is better than it has ever been.
- The 'march progress view' argues that over the past few centuries the position of childhood in the
western society has been steadily improving and today it is better than it has ever been.
- The conflict view:The position of children has improved
dramatically in a short period of time. However
sociologists such as marxists and feminists dispute this.
- They argue that society is based on a conflict between
different social groups such as: social class or gender.
In this conflcit some groups have more power and
status or wealth than others.
- The conflict view has all its views on controlling the children, such as: inequality among
children, inequality between children adn adults, neglect and abuse, controls over children's
spce, controls over childrens time, control over children's body, control over children's
access to resources and age patriarchy
- The conflict view has all its views on controlling the children, such as: inequality among
children, inequality between children adn adults, neglect and abuse, controls over children's
spce, controls over childrens time, control over children's body, control over children's
access to resources and age patriarchy
- They argue that society is based on a conflict between
different social groups such as: social class or gender.
In this conflcit some groups have more power and
status or wealth than others.
- The futire of childhood- the disapperance of childhood: the idea of
childnre's rights is gaining ground, could this be a sign that children are
becoming more powerful.
- Neil postman argues that childhood is
disapperaing at a dazzling speed. He points to
the trend towards giving children the same rights
as adults, the dissaperance of children's
traditional games and growing similarity of adult
and chilren's clothing.
- A separate childhood culture: Postman, Iona Opie argues that childhood is not disapperaing.
Based on a lifetime of research into children's games, rhymes and songs, conducted with her
husband Peter Ope, she argues that there is strong evidence of the continued existence of a
separate children's culture over many years.
- The globalisation of western childhood: Child
lierationsists argue that modern western childhood is
oppressive and children today are subject to adult
authority. Theya rgue that far from disapperaing,
western notions of childhood are being globlised.
- Contradicotry trend - the reconstruction of childhood: Sue Palmer calls 'toxic
childhood', she argues that rapid techonological and cultiral changes in the past
25 years have damaged children's physical, emotional and intellectual
development.
- The aspect suggests the continuation of childhood as a separate age-status. For example: Children today
have more rights but they still do not have equal rights with adults and they remian subject to adult
authority. There are gorwing similarities between children and adults in leisure activites such as: dress,
diet etc. Children's freedom of movement has beocme more restricted with dears over road saftey and
'stranger danger'.
- The aspect suggests the continuation of childhood as a separate age-status. For example: Children today
have more rights but they still do not have equal rights with adults and they remian subject to adult
authority. There are gorwing similarities between children and adults in leisure activites such as: dress,
diet etc. Children's freedom of movement has beocme more restricted with dears over road saftey and
'stranger danger'.
- Neil postman argues that childhood is
disapperaing at a dazzling speed. He points to
the trend towards giving children the same rights
as adults, the dissaperance of children's
traditional games and growing similarity of adult
and chilren's clothing.
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