Oceans on the Edge

Description

Mind Map on Oceans on the Edge, created by lizzielovell10 on 08/05/2014.
lizzielovell10
Mind Map by lizzielovell10, updated more than 1 year ago
lizzielovell10
Created by lizzielovell10 over 10 years ago
40
2

Resource summary

Oceans on the Edge
  1. Threats to Coral Reefs
    1. Global Warming
      1. warmer oceans= algae unable to survive
        1. Leads to coral bleaching which upsets the cycle of coral
      2. Fishing
        1. Blast fishing
          1. Some fishing methods are purely destructive such as using explosives
          2. For Aquariums
            1. upsets food web unless carefully controlled
              1. Many tropical countries poor + fish is part of diet
                1. Population increase=added pressure
            2. Coastal Development
              1. Increased sediment in rivers
                1. Disturbed ground
                  1. Erosion of loose soil
                    1. Pollutants into water
                    2. Tourism
                      1. major income source
                        1. water skiing, scuba diving + surfing cause disturbance
                          1. Resorts increase pollutants in lagoons
                        2. Affects of Overfishing on food webs
                          1. Whales hunted, populations falling fast
                            1. Affects population of fish + animals dependant on them
                              1. Krill
                                1. In demand for high protein value
                                  1. Krill live off phytoplankton
                                    1. consume CO2, produce half world's oxygen output
                                2. How Marine Food Webs are Disturbed
                                  1. Eutrophication
                                    1. Mainly caused by overuse of fertilisers
                                      1. Too many nutrients in marine systems cause extreme algae growth
                                        1. This blocks sunlight + removes oxygen from water
                                          1. This damages coral reefs
                                            1. In extreme cases, creates oxygen-depleted zones - 'dead' zones
                                      2. Siltation
                                        1. Happens when silt settles onto marine ecosystems
                                          1. Sources of silt
                                            1. erosion of farmland
                                              1. deforestation
                                                1. Urban Development
                                              2. Silt enters sea via rivers
                                                1. blocks out sunlight
                                                  1. marine plants can't photosynthesise
                                                    1. Can also smother seabed, destroying seafloor habitat
                                            2. Contribution of Climate Change
                                              1. Warming
                                                1. Coral Bleeching
                                                  1. algae in coral are expelled so coral dies and turns white
                                                  2. Species Migration
                                                    1. Cold water loving species like cod migrate to new areas
                                                      1. Disrupts fishing
                                                  3. Sea-level rise
                                                    1. Changing light levels
                                                      1. Coastal flooding
                                                      2. Acidification
                                                        1. Coral and shellfish health
                                                          1. Calcium carbonate dissolves in acid water, shells + skeletons become weaker + harder to grow
                                                      3. Soufriere Bay, St Lucia
                                                        1. Local pressures
                                                          1. Growing Population
                                                            1. Tourism
                                                              1. Runoff and waste
                                                                1. Fishing
                                                                2. Conflicting Views
                                                                  1. Local fishermen
                                                                    1. Want to continue to fish + satisfy demand from tourists
                                                                      1. Damaging + unsustainable fishing will reduce fish supply
                                                                        1. Fishermen + tourists often use the same areas of reef
                                                                      2. Tourists
                                                                        1. Want a pristine reef
                                                                          1. High numbers of tourists could damage ecosystem
                                                                        2. Yacht owners + cruise ships
                                                                          1. Need space to offload tourists
                                                                            1. Waste thrown overboard, oil spills damage reefs
                                                                          2. Local businesses
                                                                            1. depend on tourism
                                                                              1. want sea + reef kept natural + pristine to encourage tourists
                                                                                1. More tourists=more damage
                                                                          3. SMMA
                                                                            1. Brought different groups together to resolve conflicts
                                                                              1. Zoned the bay, conflicting activities given separate areas of bay
                                                                                1. Marine reserves -off-limits to everyone
                                                                                  1. Locals trained to police the area
                                                                                    1. Tourist taxes used to pay for managements
                                                                                  2. North Sea, Northern Europe
                                                                                    1. EU common fisheries policy aims to conserve fish stocks
                                                                                      1. Quotas
                                                                                        1. Restrict catches
                                                                                          1. Restrict number of fishing boats
                                                                                          2. UK have fishing patrol boats, checking catch numbers
                                                                                            1. EU agreed to reduce dead fish catches
                                                                                              1. 'No-take zones' introduced (fishing is banned)
                                                                                                1. On-going Problems
                                                                                                  1. Fishing is not yet sustainable
                                                                                                    1. Cod, haddock and whiting still need to recover
                                                                                                      1. More, larger no-take zones are needed
                                                                                                        1. Difficult to resolve issues between fishers, consumers + environment
                                                                                                          1. Fishers need Income
                                                                                                            1. Environ. needs sustainability
                                                                                                              1. Consumers need fish
                                                                                                          Show full summary Hide full summary

                                                                                                          Similar

                                                                                                          Geography Quiz
                                                                                                          PatrickNoonan
                                                                                                          Geography Coastal Zones Flashcards
                                                                                                          Zakiya Tabassum
                                                                                                          Using GoConqr to study geography
                                                                                                          Sarah Egan
                                                                                                          All the Countries of the World and their Capital Cities
                                                                                                          PatrickNoonan
                                                                                                          Tectonic Hazards flashcards
                                                                                                          katiehumphrey
                                                                                                          Volcanoes
                                                                                                          1jdjdjd1
                                                                                                          River Processes and Landforms
                                                                                                          1jdjdjd1
                                                                                                          GCSE Geography - Causes of Climate Change
                                                                                                          Beth Coiley
                                                                                                          The Rock Cycle
                                                                                                          eimearkelly3
                                                                                                          Plate Tectonics
                                                                                                          eimearkelly3
                                                                                                          Characteristics and Climate of a hot desert
                                                                                                          Adam Collinge