Molar pregnancy/ hydatidiform mole

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Mind Map on Molar pregnancy/ hydatidiform mole, created by Zulhilmi Zainal on 05/20/2014.
Zulhilmi Zainal
Mind Map by Zulhilmi Zainal, updated more than 1 year ago
Zulhilmi Zainal
Created by Zulhilmi Zainal over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Molar pregnancy/ hydatidiform mole
  1. an egg that is missing its nucleus is fertilized and that may or may not contain fetal tissue
    1. complete moles
      1. single (90%) or two (10%) sperm combining with an egg which has lost its DNA (the sperm then reduplicates forming a "complete" 46 chromosome set
        1. higher risk of developing into choriocarcinoma
          1. all the chorionic villi are vesicular, and no sign of embryonic or fetal development is present
          2. partial mole
            1. an egg is fertilized by two sperm or by one sperm which reduplicates itself yielding the genotypes of 69,XXY (triploid) or 92,XXXY (tetraploid)
              1. fetus is always malformed and is never viable
            2. spontaneous abortion if untreated
              1. Clinical presentation
                1. painless vaginal bleeding in the fourth to fifth month of pregnancy
                  1. uterus may be larger than expected, or the ovaries may be enlarged
                    1. hyperemesis
                      1. very high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
                        1. "cluster of grapes" or "honeycombed uterus" or "snow-storm"
                          1. increased trophoblast proliferation and enlarging of the chorionic villi
                            1. sonogram & histopathological examination
                            2. Treatment
                              1. surgical curettage
                                1. avoid the risks of choriocarcinoma
                                2. avoid pregnancy for at least 6 to 12 months
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