mental structure containing knowledge
about a particular type of person, event,
or social group or role
exaggerate similarities within groups
and differences between groups
generalised representation - abstracting
common features based on experience
represent knowledge shared with others
often quick and efficient ways of making
sense of social experience - sometimes
produce biases and distortions
tend to be self-confirming: we
see what we expect to see
Darley & Gross Hannah Study - rich
children were seen as more similar to each
other (having a higher academic ability
Hannah seen as having higher
ability when shown as having
high socioeconomic status
information about academic ability was
interpreted according to expectations
based on socioeconomic schemas
reduce cognitive processing - cognitive miser
model - simplify social world by indicating what
we should attend to
motivated tactician model suggests
we carry out additional processing
when it helps to achieve goals
Ruscher et al found people spent more time reading about a
person which was inconsistent with their schema when outcome
of a task required them to work as a pair with that person
important in identifying
distortions which may underlie
our judgements