Israel

Israel

Zionism
1. Longing for a homeland
2. Jewish exclusion
  1. W.E. : not allowed to work in many industries
    1. Haskalah, Jewish enlightment
      1. Promoting Jewish integration and secularism
  2. E.E. : Active oppression and restriction to own land
    1. Immigration to US
    2. Faith and hope in Zionism
3. 1884-1900 Lovers of Zion assisted Jewish Settlement in Palestine
4. World Zionist Organization
  1. Objective: to establish recognized home in Palestine
5. Chaim Weizmann
  1. Had big influence in UK policies
    1. ↓
  2. Agreement with Faysel (Syria): Jewish help in economic development Palestinians, in return allowance of Jewish Immigration
6. Dreyfus affair: Jewish French officer wrongly accused of communicating French military plans to Germany
  1. Herzl ' The Jewish State' 1896
United States
1. 1921: Jews no longer able to go to US
2. Recognized by US and Soviet Union
Palestine and other Arab states
1. Arabs rejected idea and lost their voice in politics
2. Hajj Amin, responsible for Jerusalem and later all Palestine
  1. President Supreme Muslim Council
    1. Campaign labeling Zionism as threat
      1. More protests and violence: violation rights Arabs
3. Wealthy Palestinians sell land to Jews
4. Palestinian refugee problem
  1. Second phase of gaining Jewish independency caused many Palestinians to fly
    1. Encouraged by Haganah
  2. Refugee camps full of Palestinians in neighboring Arab states
  3. 300.000 new refugees to Jordan after June war (from Gaza + West bank)
5. Egypt attacks Israel to get them interested
United Kingdom
1. 1917: Balfour Declaration
  1. To prevent US from siding with Germany in WWI
2. Promise protection to Arabs in White Paper, also Israeli nationality will not be forced upon Palestinians
3. 1920 Samuel (high commissioner mandate) desired unitary state
4. White Paper of 1930, giving restrictions to Jewish immigration
  1. Peel Commission: collaboration impossible, separate states suggested
5. 1939 White Paper: No Jewish state in Palestine, restriction of Jewish immigration and independence in 10 years for Arabs
Struggle for Independent Jewish State
1. Phase 1: 1944 Irgon violence on Brits and Arabs, Haganah sabotage
  1. Brits hand Mandate over to UN
2. Phase 2: May 1948: Jews secure allocated territories
  1. 400.000 Arab refugees
  2. Dayr Yassin massacre: causes fear and more refugees
3. 14 May 1948: Declaration of Jewish state
4. Phase 3: First Arab-Israeli war
  1. Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Transjordan launch regional war
  2. Defeat Arabs & enlargement Israeli territory
  3. Collapse UN proposal for Arab state
    1. Palestine partitioned among Israel, Transjordan & Egypt
United Nations
1. United Nations Special Committee On Palestine
  1. Minority Report: federal state
  2. Majority report: 2 states, Jerusalem international
    1. Jewish for, Arabs against: but still chosen as solution.
2. Forced ceasefire by UN
Jewish community pre-1948
1. Yishuv (Jewish residents Palestine)
  1. Histadrut(federation of Jewish Labour)
    1. 1920 IDF Haganah to protect community
    2. Mapai (Labour) Party
      1. David Ben-Gurion, first PM Israel
  2. The Revisionists, against dependency on UK
    1. Deciples: Begin and Shamir (PMs)
    2. Own military force Irgon
2. 5 Aliyahs (waves of migration) pre-WWI - 1936
  1. Jewish National Fund buys land and sells it to Jewish immigrant
3. Wailing Wall Disturbances 1929: Jews want access to Holy Wall in Jerusalem
  1. Lobbying by Jews, WL repudiated (Black Letter)
    1. Protests and violence: inadequate land allocated
June War/Six days war June 5 - 11 1967
1. Soviet + Syrian intelligence suspected Israel to prepare operation against Syria
  1. Nasser responds by deploying troops in Sinai and requesting UN to withdraw (Bluf)
2. 6/5 Israel destroys airforces Egypt, Syria and Jordan
  1. Defeats Nassers troops in Sinai
  2. Defeat Jordan + Syria and annexation of Golan heights and West Bank
    1. Ceasefire
  3. Resolution 242
    1. inadmissibility of accusation of territory by war
    2. Just settlement for refugees
    3. Too open-ended, failed!
Yom Kippur War Oct. 1973
1. Israelis not interested in negotiations
2. 10 days later: Ariel Sharon attacks Egypt
3. Oil embargo of OPEC
  1. To get the west to criticize Israel
4. Kissinger Sinai II: retreat troops from Sinai, US help to both parties.

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	Created by Charlotte Beckman almost 10 years ago