Coastal Landforms

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GCSE Geography (Coasts) Mind Map on Coastal Landforms, created by Katie Peak on 03/08/2017.
Katie  Peak
Mind Map by Katie Peak, updated more than 1 year ago
Katie  Peak
Created by Katie Peak over 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Coastal Landforms
  1. Landforms created by erosion
    1. There are 4 key types of erosion...
      1. Abrasion
        1. Waves transport the material which hits the cliff wearing it away
        2. Hydraulic Action
          1. Waves trap air and force it into cracks in the cliffs making it weaker
          2. Attrition
            1. Waves throw rocks around causing them to crash and wear each other down into smaller rounder pieces
            2. Corrosion
              1. Chemicals in the sea dissolve the cliffs gradually over thousands of years
            3. changes in landforms can also be a result of wind erosion, weathering and sub-aerial processes such as mass movement.
            4. Headlands and Bays
              1. Headlands are usually made of more resistant rock types than bays
                1. If there are different bands of rock along a coastline, the weaker or softer rock, such as clay, is eroded fastest. This leaves more resistant rock types, such as granite, sticking out.
                2. Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps
                  1. The formation.....
                    1. 1. Waves cause weaknesses to form cracks at the base of the headland
                      1. 2. Over time the cracks become larger to form a cave
                        1. 3. The cave gets bigger and cracks appear above the cave to the top of the headland
                          1. 4. The arch grows larger and eventually collapses leaving a stack separated from the mainland
                            1. 5. The stack erodes and becomes a stump
                          2. Cliff erosion and wave-cut platforms
                            1. Stages in cliff retreat....
                              1. 2. After some time a wave-cut notch is formed
                                1. 3. At the same time the wind attacks the top of the cliffs and weakens them
                                  1. 4. The now weakened cliff is left unsupported due to undercutting and collapses
                                    1. 5. When the sea removes the fallen rocks it can restart the process again
                                      1. 6. The cliff starts to retreat backwards and forms a wave-cut platform
                                        1. 1. Strong waves hit the bottom of the cliffs during storms and high tide
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