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Water

Description

Mind Map on Water, created by AndyDoyle on 19/05/2013.
AndyDoyle
Mind Map by AndyDoyle, updated more than 1 year ago
AndyDoyle
Created by AndyDoyle almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Water
  1. Hard

    Annotations:

    • How to soften: -Remove the calcium and magnesium ions by: a) Add sodium carbonate b) Ion exchange columns
    1. Permanent
      1. Remains hard when boiled
      2. Temporary
        1. Softened when boiled
          1. Contains hydrogencarbonate ions (HCO3). These decompose on heating to produce carbonate ions which react with calcium and magnesium ions to form precipitates.
          2. Disadvantages
            1. More expensive
              1. Causes limescale which reduces efficiency of electrical appliances
              2. Advantages
                1. Calcium compounds good for bones
                  1. Reduced heart disease
                2. Soft
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