Chapter 1: States of matter - created from Mind Map

Solid e.g. ice Close together and touching regular, repeating pattern Vibrate but do not move apart Strongest forces

Liquid e.g. water Close together and touching Irregular pattern Move around and slide past each other Weaker forces than solid

Gas e.g. steam Far apart Irregular Move freely and constantly collide No forces between

Solid to liquid: (heat until it melts)- Particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster. Particles overcome forces of attraction that hold them together. Pattern is broken down and particles can slide past each other.

Liquid to solid: (cool until freezes)- Particles lose kinetic energy. Forces of attraction can now hold things together and arrange them into a regular pattern. No longer able to slide past each other. 

Liquid to gas: (heat liquid until it boils)-  Particles gain kinetic energy and move further apart. Eventually forces of attraction are completely broken and are able to escape from liquid.

Gas to liquid: (cool gas until it condenses)- Particles lose kinetic energy and allow forces of attraction to bring particles closer together. Eventually clump together to form a liquid.

Solid to gas: (heat solid until it sublimes)- Particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster until forces of attraction are completely broken and particles escape from solid.

Chapter 1: States of matter

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