Sem título

Página 1

USES OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

� ITERATIVE / HABITUAL USE

It is used with dynamic verb senses to refer to events that repeatedly occur without limitation on their extension into the past or future.

The state present always refers to something that applies at the time of speaking or writing, while the habitual present doesn’t necessarily do so. It is possible to say Billy drinks a lot when he is not actually drinking

She walks to work. I buy my t-shirts at Harrods. He who hesitates is lost

Exception: Used with the verbs be which has a stative verb sense. She is seldom at home. It refers to a habit rather than a state

USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE

� Habitual/iterative Present Perfect: it refers to recurrent past events that occurred in the past and may continue through the present into the future.

Mr Phillips has sung in this choir for fifty years. I’ve always walk to work.

� Jess has been to AmericaàIt has indefinite time reference, remote meaning. It may have a habitual meaning

Jess has gone to AmericaàIt has a more resultative meaning (he is there now)

USES OF THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

� Habitual or Iterative use of the Present Progressive: It refers to a series of repeated actions, with the implication that they take place over a limited period of time. The habit is not permanent, it is temporary. It means that the habit exists over a limited period of time.

I’m taking dancing lessonsà it is the temporariness of the habit that is important and therefore it suggests a shorter period than I take dancing lessons.

� Habitual Progressive conveying disapproval (Pejorative use): The speaker criticizes repeated activity. The tone is often one of irritation.

I know a man who is always giving his wife expensive presentsà it means “there is never a time at which this man is not giving his wife expensive presents”

USES OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

� Habitual Past: It refers to a series of past events which repeatedly occurred.

We spent our holiday in Spain when we were children

USES OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

� Habitual/Iterative Past Progressive: It refers to a habit taking place during limited duration; a temporal habit.

USES OF THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

� Habitual/Iterative Past Perfect: Habit-up-to-then

Mr Phillips had preached in that church for fifty years

USES OF THE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

� An action or habit taking place over a period of time in the past prior to some other past event or time (definite or Indefinite Past-in-the-Past): indefinite: Kubrick had been trying to get the film made for more than twenty years. Definite: before he was called to war, Bob had been working as an actor in some minor plays.

� Future Perfect Progressive: PAST IN THE FUTURE

Durative or habitual action that is taking place in the present and that will continue into the future up, until or though a specific future time It refers to a state or event seeing in the past from point of orientation in the future. The activity is represented as having continuation over a period of time that will end in the future. Both actions are in the future. You place yourself in the future and look at the other action as if it had already taken place If focuses on the continuity of the action.

By the end of the month, I’ll have been reading Shakespeare’s plays for nine weeks.

Página 2

USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE

� Habitual/iterative Present Perfect: it refers to recurrent past events that occurred in the past and may continue through the present into the future.

Mr Phillips has sung in this choir for fifty years. I’ve always walk to work.

� Jess has been to AmericaàIt has indefinite time reference, remote meaning. It may have a habitual meaning

Jess has gone to AmericaàIt has a more resultative meaning (he is there now)

USOS DEL TIEMPO SIMPLE PERFECTO ACTUAL

- Presente perfecto habitual / iterativo: se refiere a eventos pasados recurrentes que ocurrieron en el pasado y pueden continuar a través del presente hacia el futuro.

Phillips ha cantado en este coro durante cincuenta años. Siempre camino al trabajo.

- Jess ha estado en América: tiene una referencia de tiempo indefinida, significado remoto. Puede tener un significado habitual

Jess se ha ido a América, tiene un significado más resultante (él está allí ahora)

Página 3

USES OF THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

� Habitual or Iterative use of the Present Progressive: It refers to a series of repeated actions, with the implication that they take place over a limited period of time. The habit is not permanent, it is temporary. It means that the habit exists over a limited period of time.

I’m taking dancing lessonsà it is the temporariness of the habit that is important and therefore it suggests a shorter period than I take dancing lessons.

� Habitual Progressive conveying disapproval (Pejorative use): The speaker criticizes repeated activity. The tone is often one of irritation.

I know a man who is always giving his wife expensive presentsà it means “there is never a time at which this man is not giving his wife expensive presents”

- Uso habitual o iterativo del presente progresivo: se refiere a una serie de acciones repetidas, con la implicación de que tienen lugar durante un período de tiempo limitado. El hábito no es permanente, es temporal. Significa que el hábito existe durante un período de tiempo limitado.

Estoy tomando clases de baile, lo importante es la temporalidad del hábito y, por lo tanto, sugiere un período más corto que el que tomo.

- Desaprobación de transmisión progresiva habitual (uso peyorativo): el hablante critica la actividad repetida. El tono suele ser de irritación.

Conozco a un hombre que siempre le da regalos caros a su esposa, significa "nunca hay un momento en el que este hombre no le dé regalos caros a su esposa"

Página 4

USES OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

� ITERATIVE / HABITUAL USE

It is used with dynamic verb senses to refer to events that repeatedly occur without limitation on their extension into the past or future.

The state present always refers to something that applies at the time of speaking or writing, while the habitual present doesn’t necessarily do so. It is possible to say Billy drinks a lot when he is not actually drinking

She walks to work. I buy my t-shirts at Harrods. He who hesitates is lost

Exception: Used with the verbs be which has a stative verb sense. She is seldom at home. It refers to a habit rather than a state

SOS DEL TIEMPO PRESENTE SIMPLE

† USO ITERATIVO / HABITUAL

Se usa con sentidos verbales dinámicos para referirse a eventos que ocurren repetidamente sin limitación en su extensión al pasado o al futuro.

El estado presente siempre se refiere a algo que se aplica al momento de hablar o escribir, mientras que el presente habitual no necesariamente lo hace. Es posible decir que Billy bebe mucho cuando en realidad no está bebiendo

Ella camina al trabajo. Compro mis camisetas en Harrods. El que duda está perdido

Excepción: se usa con los verbos be que tienen un sentido verbal estático. Ella rara vez está en casa. Se refiere a un hábito más que a un estado