Módulo 2 de 13 · Texto
Chapter 2
Historical Experiments leading to the Atomic Theory (2.1-2.2)
- Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
- Tells us we can't know both the location and velocity of an electron at the same time
Atomic Structure and Composition (2.3)
- Particle Mass
- measured in kg and atomic mass units (amu)
- 1/12 mass of atomic Carbon unit (carbon atom)
- measured in kg and atomic mass units (amu)
- Charge
- Measured in Coloumbs and electronic charge
- Atomic Volume
- mostly comprised of electron cloud
- comprised of Electrons
- mostly comprised of electron cloud
- Atomic Mass
- mostly comprised of nucleus
- comprised of Protons and Neutrons
- mostly comprised of nucleus
- https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwicjIaYwYTfAhVlmeAKHZ4nCH8QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fguillerexploren.blogspot.com%2F2013%2F02%2Fmodelos-atomicos_27.html&psig=AOvVaw1fHv3pisRnJU0qOrbN14G9&ust=1543955650034867
Chemical Symbols and Sub-atomic Particles (2.3)
- The chemical symbol, as pictured in the image below shows the mass number and atomic number as well as the charge and atomic symbol
- https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjitabEwoTfAhXIT98KHSBdBUgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.allenai.org%2Ftqa%2Finside_the_atom_L_0772%2F&psig=AOvVaw0qCay2NvRbd1GC9TLuqGAx&ust=1543956021104034
- atomic number is the number of protons
- ions (charged atoms) do not have equal numbers of protons and electrons
- they have the same amount of protons as the base atom but a different amount of neutrons and electrons
- cations - positively charged ions
- anions - negatively charged ions
Isotopes (2.3)
- Isotope abundance and average mass
- average mass is equal to the sum of the quantity of the fractional abundance multiplied by the isotopic mass
- represented as mu mass
- to find the abundance, use the average mass formula and replace fractional abundance with x and 1-x
- average mass is equal to the sum of the quantity of the fractional abundance multiplied by the isotopic mass
Empirical/Molecular Formulas and Molecular Weight (2.4)
- molecules - combinations of different atoms bonded together
- each non-hydrogen seeks to have 8 valence electrons by sharing two electrons with another atom in a bond
- double bonds share 4 electrons
- triple bonds share 6 electrons
- Mass v. moles
- moles compare values of mass and/or volume for different molecules
- Avogadro's number - 6.02x10^23 "things"/mole
- moles compare values of mass and/or volume for different molecules
Review of grams-to-moles-to-(molecules or atoms) problems