Quiz
CHAPTER 16
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Perguntas do quiz (70)
1According to William James, the ________ does the thinking and sensing, whereas the ________ is
the object of thoughts about the self.- AI; me
- Bme; I
- Cindependent self; interdependent self
- Dinterdependent self; independent self
2Gloria is at a job interview and is asked to tell the interviewer a little about herself. Gloria says that she
is friendly, hardworking, and reliable. What self is she describing?- AThe I
- BThe ego
- CThe me
- DThe id
3What does the author mean when he says the me is the epistemological self?
- AThe me can be manipulated and changed.
- BThe me is logical and rational.
- CThe me is an object that can be described.
- DThe me is a subjective entity.
4________ is NOT one of the key functions of the self.
- AFacilitating self-regulation
- BServing as an information processing filter
- CFacilitating basic and reflexive responses to environmental contingences
- DFulfilling identity functions
5What emotions are thought to occur when a stranger harms aspects of your me self?
- Aanger and distress
- Bshame and guilt
- Csadness and anxiety
- Dfear and terror
6William James believed that our ________ includes ________.
- AI self; our possessions
- BI self; our personality traits only
- Cme self; our possessions
- Dme self; our personality traits only
7Self-knowledge can be divided into ________ knowledge and ________ knowledge.
- Aprocedural; episodic
- Bprocedural; semantic
- Cprocedural; declarative
- Ddeclarative; explicit
8Procedural self-knowledge does NOT include ________
- Asocial skills
- Bstyles of relating to others
- Cunconscious self-knowledge
- Dexplicit self-knowledge
9A person who knows that he is hostile and aloof is said to have ________ knowledge.
- Aprocedural
- Bepisodic
- Cimplicit
- Ddeclarative
10A person who habitually avoids social interaction but is unaware of his shyness is said to have
________ knowledge about the self.- Aprocedural
- Bepisodic
- Csemantic
- Ddeclarative
11What is a key difference between the declarative self and the procedural self?
- ADeclarative self contains information about who we are, whereas the procedural self
contains information about what you do. - BDeclarative self contains information about who we are friends with, whereas the
procedural self contains information about our occupation. - CDeclarative self contains information about actions, whereas the procedural self contains
information about your thoughts and feelings. - DDeclarative self contains information about where we’re going, whereas the procedural
self contains information about why we’re going there.
- ADeclarative self contains information about who we are, whereas the procedural self
12What “selves” are two aspects of procedural self-knowledge?
- Arelational and implicit
- Brational and explicit
- Ccollectivist and individualist
- DI and me
13The overall opinion of the self is called ________.
- Athe procedural self
- Bself-esteem
- Cself-concept
- Dself-schema
14According to the text, self-esteem is part of the ________.
- Aprocedural self
- Bdeclarative self
- CI self
- Dought self
15Everything you think you know about your traits and abilities resides in the ________.
- Aprocedural self
- Bself-esteem structure
- CI self
- Ddeclarative self
16What state government set up a task force to enhance the self-esteem of its residents?
- ATexas
- BMassachusetts
- CCalifornia
- DOregon
17Which of the following is NOT associated with low self-esteem?
- Adepression
- Bsuicide
- Cloneliness
- Dfearlessness about death
18According to the ________ theory of self-esteem, low self-esteem might serve as a warning signal for
rejection.- Adetection
- Bsociometer
- Cthreatened egotism
- Drejection sensitivity
19Providing individuals with ________ seems to be the best way to raise self-esteem.
- Aa series of self-affirmations to repeat each day
- Bharsh criticism to inoculate them against insults
- Cunconditional positive feedback
- Dopportunities for success
20Jack’s friends don’t think he is very smart; however, Jack considers himself to be quite intelligent. Jack
would most likely be considered high in ________.- Aself-insight
- Bself-enhancement
- Csociometry
- Dself-justification
21What is likely to happen if every morning a person low in self-esteem repeats self-affirmations such as
“Every day, in every way, I am getting better and better”?- AThe individual will start to report feeling worse.
- BThe individual will start to report increased self-esteem.
- CNothing will happen, as these interventions do little to change self-esteem.
- DThe individual will become slightly more aggressive.
22Mary has just been in a terrible car accident and has lost all memory of the previous year. According to
case study research, Mary’s self-view will most likely ________.- Aremain in tact and unaffected by her memory loss
- Bchange significantly after losing her memory
- Cchange only in how she interacts with others
- Dappear to be unchanged but will inevitably change when new memories become more
salient
23In the context of self-knowledge, what is the take home message of the Socrates quote, “know
thyself”?- AThe most important aspect of self-knowledge is whether your opinion is good or bad.
- BThe most salient of all goals is obtaining high self-esteem.
- CThe most salient of all goals is personality continuity.
- DThe most important aspect of self-knowledge is the degree to which it is accurate.
24What is the name of the cognitive structure that contains the declarative self?
- Aself-determination center
- BI self
- Cself-schema
- Dself-esteem
25According to the text, what does S data capture?
- Awhat the self-schema contains
- Bother people’s imposed impressions
- Cprocedural knowledge
- Dlong-term memories
26Which methods are appropriate for identifying self-schema?
- AS data only
- BB data only
- CS data and I data
- DS data and B data
27Individuals who are responsible or shy are sometimes said to be experts in these particular traits. A
cognitive personality psychologist in this tradition would describe these so-called experts as
individuals who ________.- Aare schematic for these attributes
- Bhave episodic memories consistent with these traits
- Chave possible selves aligned with these traits
- Dhave self-discrepancies related to these traits
28Sam is schematic for agreeableness. When he is asked to make judgments about whether he is friendly,
kind, and modest, he will ________.- Atake far longer to answer than someone who is aschematic for this trait
- Banswer more quickly than someone who is aschematic for this trait
- Canswer at about the same speed as someone who is aschematic for this trait
- Dbecome emotionally distressed at the question prompts
29Long-term memory is ________.
- Apermanent memory storage
- Blimited to procedural knowledge only
- Climited to an average of seven bits of information
- Dmemory storage for around 5 years
30The ________ effect describes the enhancement of long-term memory that comes from relating
information to the self.- Aself-enhancement
- Bself-consistency
- Cself-justification
- Dself-reference
31A study in China showed that information about one’s ________ is remembered as well as information
about the self.- Acoworkers
- Benemies
- Cmother and father
- Dromantic partners
32According to previous research, the ________ the processing of information received, the more likely
it will be transferred to LTM.- Ashorter and more simple
- Blonger and more complex
- Charder and more stressful
- Deasier and more enjoyable
33Which of the following is the best way to get information into long-term memory?
- Arehearsal
- Belongation
- Celaboration
- Dreverberation
34Repeating the items on a grocery list such as “cheese, bread, soda, canned soup, salad dressing, and
paper napkins” over and over again in your mind is an example of what process?- Arehearsal
- Belongation
- Celaboration
- Dreverberation
35Imagine that you are trying to teach a classroom of personality students how to better remember the
material for an exam. What would likely be the best recommendation that you could make?- ADo your best to relate the material to something that is personally relevant.
- BAvoid making the material personally relevant to avoid self-related cognitive biases.
- CMake flash cards and repeat the material three times before going to sleep.
- DHighlight relevant passages and do your best to rehearse those passages.
36Cory is studying for his psychology exam. According to research on long-term memory, what would
be an effective way for Cory to retain the material?- Arewrite all of his notes
- Bthink about how it relates to his life
- Cvisualize his professor teaching the material
- Drepeat the material aloud over and over again
37________ is the basis behind the idea that our opinions about our capabilities set the limits of what we
will attempt.- ASelf-esteem
- BSelf-schema
- CSelf-efficacy
- DSelf-reference
38Coaches often try to make their athletes believe they have the talent to succeed. What self-related
concept are the coaches trying to improve?- Athe feared self
- Bself-references
- Cself-discrepancies
- Dself-efficacy
39According to the text, what are possible selves?
- Aour various levels on each of the Big Five personality traits
- Bthe ways in which our identity shifts from childhood to adulthood
- Cthe various social roles we hold
- Dthe images we construct of the other ways we might be
40The desire to maintain the same identity over time is the desire for ________ of the self.
- Acontinuity
- Bstrength
- Creliability
- Dflexibility
41Which of the following is NOT a motivating need someone has when reporting their desired future
selves?- Aself-esteem
- Bcompetence
- Cmeaning
- Ddiscipline
42The clarity of self-concept ________ between young adulthood and middle age and ________ during
old age.- Aincreases; decreases
- Bdecreases; increases
- Cstays the same; increases
- Ddecreases; stays the same
43According to the self-discrepancy theory, individuals have ________ kinds of desired selves.
- Atwo
- Bthree
- Cone
- Dmany different
44The ________ self is NOT one of the self-relevant schemas that are part of self-discrepancy theory.
- Arejected
- Bactual
- Cideal
- Dought
45According to self-discrepancy theory, what emotion arises from discrepancies between ideal and actual
selves?- Afear
- Banxiety
- Cdepression
- Dhostility
46According to self-discrepancy theory, what emotion arises from discrepancies between ought and
actual selves?- Adepression
- Banxiety
- Cfrustration
- Dhostility
47What is a key difference between the ideal self and the ought self?
- AYour ideal self is your view of who you should be friends with, and your ought self is
your view of what your occupation is. - BYour ideal self is your view of the meaning of life, and your ought self is your view of
your role in it. - CYour ideal self is your view of your ideal moral self, and your ought self is your view of
your potential in life. - DYour ideal self is your view of what you could do and your ought self is your view of
what you should do.
- AYour ideal self is your view of who you should be friends with, and your ought self is
48According to the textbook, the ought self resembles Jeffrey Gray’s ________ system, whereas the ideal
self resembles Gray’s ________ system.- AGo; Stop
- Bneuroticism; conscientiousness
- Cconscientiousness; neuroticism
- DStop; Go
49According to the discussion of self-discrepancy theory, the root of depression is ________, whereas
the root of anxiety is ________.- Adisappointment; fear
- Banger; fear
- Canger; frustration
- Ddisappointment; anger
50According to the text, the process for gaining accurate self-knowledge is outlined by the ________.
- Aself-discrepancy theory
- Brealistic accuracy model (RAM)
- Cself-concept model
- Devolutionary theory
51Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of the realistic accuracy model?
- Adetection
- Butilization
- Crelevance
- Daccuracy
52What seems to be the connection between accurate self-knowledge and mental health?
- ASelf-knowledge is negatively correlated with mental health.
- BThere seems to be little connection between self-knowledge and mental health.
- CAccurate self-knowledge seems to be a hallmark of mental health.
- DMental health leads to self-enhanced self-knowledge.
53When people think about their own behavior, they tend to believe that their ________.
- Abehavior arises from who they are
- Bbehavior is the logical response to the situation
- Cbehavior arises from a chronic pattern of activities
- D“positive” behaviors are always a result of the situation
54You are only able to observe what you actually did and thought when faced with a particular dilemma.
This fact creates problems for which two stages of the realistic accuracy model applied to self judgments?- Arelevance and detection
- Brelevance and utilization
- Cavailability and utilization
- Davailability and detection
55According to the text, which stage of the realistic accuracy model seems to have the most important
implications for self-knowledge?- Arelevance
- Butilization
- Cavailability
- Ddetection
56Introspection is relevant to which stage of the realistic accuracy model?
- Adetection
- Butilization
- Caccuracy
- Drelevance
57Sarah moved from a small town in Ohio to New York City and has since learned a lot about herself.
According to the realistic accuracy model, she has expanded the amount of information available at the
________ stage of the realistic accuracy model (RAM).- Aaccuracy
- Butilization
- Crelevance
- Ddetection
58Which stage of the realistic accuracy model probably has the fewest limitations when it comes to
making self-judgments?- Arelevance
- Butilization
- Cavailability
- Ddetection
59According to the text, the best advice toward self-knowledge is ________.
- Ato be hyper-focused on every thing you do
- Bbe yourself
- Cto judge yourself based on others’ impressions of you
- Dto be who you wish to be
60According to the text, which one is NOT a means to improve your self-knowledge?
- AUse introspection to understand thoroughly who you are.
- BSeek feedback from people who will inform you of what you’re really like.
- CDevelop a sense of who you would like to be in the future.
- DObserve your own behaviors and draw conclusions from them about who you are.
61According to the text, ________ can significantly limit one’s self-knowledge.
- Aa high school SAT score
- Bgeography
- Cfamily and culture
- Dpersonality trait scores
62Someone with accurate self-knowledge is also likely to ________.
- Amake wise choices about education, occupation, and relationships
- Bbe high in conscientiousness and openness to experience
- Caccurately judge others’ personality
- Dbe psychologically maladjusted
63What term refers to self-schemas based on our past experience that direct how we relate to the
important people in our lives?- Arelational self-schema
- Bself-in-relationship schema
- Cinterdependence self-schema
- Dinterdependent self-schema
64What is actually measured by the Implicit Association Test?
- Aheart rate
- Bblood pressure
- Cvisual tracking
- Dreaction time
65According to the text, one study found the ________ measures of neuroticism ad extraversion
predicted behavior better than ________ measures of these traits.- Aself report; implicit
- Bimplicit; self-report
- CIAT; implicit
- DIAT; reaction time
66According to research described in the text, how is narcissism related to implicit and explicit attitudes?
- ANarcissism might be more evident in those whose implicit self-esteem is low relative to
their declarative self-esteem. - BNarcissism occurs when implicit and declarative self-esteem are both low.
- CNarcissism is unrelated to implicit self-esteem but strongly related to declarative self esteem.
- DNarcissism is strongly related to implicit self-esteem but unrelated to declarative self esteem.
- ANarcissism might be more evident in those whose implicit self-esteem is low relative to
67Results of Implicit Association Test (IAT) studies indicate that our attitudes and feelings ________.
- Ainfluence our behavior without us knowing why
- Bare sometimes incorrect indications of how we will behave
- Cchange depending on the situation
- Ddetermine our behavior more consistently than our personality
68Dr. Morse is a psychologist whose current patient wants to become less introverted and more
confident. According to what we know about procedural knowledge, what is the first thing Dr. Morse
should do to help his patient?- Amotivate his patient to go to a party and talk to a minimum of 5 people
- Bprovide feedback on how his patient is doing in his or her ongoing efforts
- Cinstruct his patient to practice mindfulness and truly accept his or her introversion
- Dallow his patient to talk freely about his or her social issues
69What is a common criticism of the working self-concept?
- AA coherent sense of self is generally viewed as a hallmark of mental health.
- BSelf and informant ratings of personality are generally very similar.
- CConstant fluctuation in one’s identity signifies a high ability to adapt to different
situations. - DPeople do not generally change who they are from situation to situation.
70Albert Bandura criticized theories involving multiple selves on what grounds?
- AExisting theories have not identified a representative range of selves.
- BOnce you start fractionating the self, there is no clear place to stop.
- CThe concept of a self is unnecessary because we should concentrate on observable
behavior. - DThere is no good way to measure the self.
Informações
- Descrição
- Psychology 150 Quiz sobre CHAPTER 16, criado por J P em 04-12-2017.
- Autor
- J P
- Idioma
- English
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