Quiz
Chapter 16
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Perguntas do quiz (37)
1 The known inter-cellular information systems are:
- Aa) chemical and electrical;
- Bb) mechanical, chemical, and electrical;
- Cc) biochemical.
2Of the following inter-cellular communication systems, which one is distributed throughout the entire organism?
- Aa) the chemical;
- Bb) the mechanical;
- Cc) the electrical.
3. The information carriers of the chemical inter-cellular communication are:
- Aa) receptors;
- Bb) signaling molecules;
- Cc) synaptic cleft.
4Endocrine system communication belongs to the class of:
;- Aa) mechanical inter-cellular communication;
- Bb) chemical inter-cellular communication
- Cc) electrical inter-cellular communication.
5Which of the following functions is not characteristic for receptors?
- Aa) secretion of signaling molecules;
- Bb) activation of second messenger systems;
- Cc) transmembrane signal transduction.
6 Membrane receptors are:
- Aa) information signaling molecules;
- Bb) vesicles filled with neurotransmitters;
- Cc) element of the chemical information system of the body.
7Are signaling molecules specific to given receptors?
- Aa) not specific;
- Bb) specific, but not uniquely specific;
- Cc) they are uniquely specific.
8 Is it possible for a given receptor to interact with multiple different signaling molecules?
- Aa) no, because a given receptor interacts only with one type of ligand;
- Bb) yes, because any given receptor can interact with all ligands;
- Cc) yes, a given receptor can interact with several signaling molecules, with similar structure.
9Is it possible for a given type of signaling molecule to interact with multiple types of receptors?
- Aa) not possible;
- Bb) a given signaling molecule can activate all membrane receptors;
- Cc) its common for a ligand to interact with several types of receptors.
10What are the functions of second messengers?
- Aa) they carry the information from receptors to cellular effectors or to cyclic cascades that amplify the signal;
- Bb) they interact with first messengers (signaling molecules) in the extracellular fluid, and carry the information to receptors;
- Cc) they interact with membrane receptors from the intracellular side and cause secondary activation of receptor proteins.
11To decrease the inflow of extracellular information, cells use the following mechanism:
- Aa) migration toward locations with smaller information inflow;
- Bb) passing the information overflow to neighbouring cells;
- Cc) decreasing the number of membrane receptors, responsible for the specific information.
12Which of the following structures is an integral part of the chemical information system?
- Aa) membrane receptors;
- Bb) DNA molecules;
- Cc) actin molecules.
13Desensitisation of a receptor is the condition where:
- Aa) the cell does not synthesise a sufficient number of given type of receptors;
- Bb) activated receptors generate less than the usual number of second messengers;
- Cc) there is a structural degradation of membrane receptors.
14The principle of recognition between ligands and receptors is called:
- Aa) complementarity;
- Bb) bifocal;
- Cc) positive-negative match;
15The neurotransmitter acetylcholine activates:
- Aa) nicotinic and muscarinic receptors;
- Bb) nicotinic receptors;
- Cc) muscarinic receptors.
16Atropin is:
- Aa) muscarinic agonist;
- Bb) muscarinic antagonist;
- Cc) nicotinic agonist.
17 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) function as:
- Aa) ligand-gated Ca2+ ion pumps;
- Bb) voltage-gated Na+ channels;
- Cc) ligand-gated Na+ channels.
18Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) function as:
- Aa) G-protein;
- Bb) second messenger (intracellular);
- Cc) first messenger (inter-cellular).
19The second messenger molecule that opens calcium channels on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum is:
- Aa) inositol triphosphate (IP3);
- Bb) diacylglycerol (DAG);
- Cc) cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
20What is the function of the membrane receptors?
- Aa) transduce information from extra- into intra-cellular space;
- Bb) transfer protein molecules from extra- into intra-cellular space;
- Cc) induce phase transitions in membrane lipid molecules.
21Receptors are characterised with:
- Aa) high-affinity, high-specificity, and reversible bonding to signaling molecules;
- Bb) high-affinity, low-specificity, and reversible bonding to signaling molecules;
- Cc) high-affinity, high-specificity, and irreversible bonding to signaling molecules.
22Which of the following is a necessary condition for direct electrical communication between cells?
- Aa) cells must be of the same type;
- Bb) cells must be submerged in electrolyte solution;
- Cc) cellular membranes must be connected.
23Connexons (gap junctions) allow for:
- Aa) electrical communication between cells;
- Bb) chemical and electrical communication between cells;
- Cc) chemical communications between cells.
24Which of the following terms dos not refer to a type of inter-cellular communication?
- Aa) paracrine;
- Bb) autocrine;
- Cc) endogenic.
25Receptors are not:
- Aa) membrane structures;
- Bb) cytosol proteins;
- Cc) extracellular structures.
26Membrane receptors connected to G – proteins, are large proteins that cross the membrane lipid bilayer:
- Aa) 7 times;
- Bb) once;
- Cc) different number times, depending on the receptor.
27Upon activation by a ligand, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) will:
- Aa) activate Ca2+ ion channels;
- Bb) auto-phosphorylate and trigger cytosolic signaling cascade;
- Cc) depolarise the membrane and cause action potential.
28. Receptors of the cellular membrane are:
- Aa) lipids or glycolipids;
- Bb) proteins or glycoproteins;
- Cc) polymeric carbohydrate.
29Which of the following receptors do not get activated by acetylcholine?
- Aa) muscarinic receptors;
- Bb) nicotinic receptors;
- Cc) tyrosine receptors.
30Which of the following types of complementarity is not present between membrane receptors and ligand molecules?
- Aa) spatial;
- Bb) magnetic;
- Cc) electric.
31 Can action potentials be used for inter-cellular signaling?
- Aa) no, action potentials do not travel through the extracellular medium;
- Bb) yes, all cells use action potentials for communications;
- Cc) yes, some cell types use it (neurons, visceral smooth muscles, cardiac muscles).
32When acetylcholine bonds to a muscarinic cholinergic receptor of the membrane of smooth muscles, the following ions are released into the cells:
- Aa) sodium ions;
- Bb) calcium ions;
- Cc) potassium ions.
33 According to their interaction with the membrane, receptors are:
- Aa) transmembrane (integral) proteins;
- Bb) surface membrane (integral) proteins;
- Cc) proteins diffusing through the membrane.
34When acetylcholine bonds to a nicotinic cholinergic receptor, the following membrane channel is opened:
- Aa) Na+ ion channel;
- Bb) G-protein coupled channel;
- Cc) Ca2+ ion channel.
35Signaling molecules that bond to receptors are called:
- Aa) first messenger or ligand;
- Bb) second messenger;
- Cc) cellular effector.
36Which of the following functions is characteristic for the receptors:
- Aa) they recognise the complimentary ligands but allow docking only when the cell needs the carried information;
- Bb) upon recognition, they allow docking of the type of signaling molecules that are required by the current needs of the cell;
- Cc) they interact with complimentary ligands on probabilistic principles (the higher the concentration the higher the chance of interaction).
37What is the first process that follows the docking of a ligand to a receptor?
- Aa) change of the conformation state of the ligand;
- Bb) change of the conformational state of the receptor;
- Cc) the receptor updating its status on facebook.
Informações
- Descrição
- Quiz sobre Chapter 16 , criado por x x em 30-06-2019.
- Autor
- x x
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 36
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