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The Nine Approaches

Grammar -

Translation

Direct

Reading

Audiolingualism

Situational

Cognitive

Affective -

Humanistic

Comprehension Based

Comunicative

1. The class is given mostly, in the native language of the students.

2. Excersices are meant to translate sentences from the target language into the mother tongue.

3. It's focusing mostly in grammar

1. It's banned to using the mother tongue during the class.

2. Teacher must be a native speaker or have nativelike profiency in the language.

3. Grammar and target culture are taught inductively.

1. Only the grammar useful is taught for readings.

2. Vocabulary is controlled at first, and then expanded.

3. Reading comprehension is the only skill emphasized.

4. Teacher does not need to have good oral proficiency.

1. Mimicry and memorization is used.

2. Lessons begin with dialogs.

3. Skills are sequenced: Listening, speaking-reading and writing

4. vocabulary is limited in initial stages

5. Pronunciation is stressed from the beginning.

1. The spoken language is primary.

2. Only the target language is used in the classroom.

3. New items (lexical and grammatical) are introduced and are graded from simple to complex,

4. Efforts are made to ensure the general.

1. Language learning is a rule acquisition.

2. Instruction is individualized.

3. Pronunciation is de-emphasized and the perfection is viewed as unrealisitic.

4. The yeacher is viewed as a facilitator.

1.Listening comprehension is very important.

2. Learners begin by listening to meaningful speech.

3. Error correction is seen as unnecessary.

4. If teacher is not a native speaker, can use materials.

1. Respect is emphasized.

2. Class atmosphere is considered as more important than materials.

3. the teacher should be proficient in the target language and the student's native language may be used heavily in the initial stages. later it's passed out.

1. The goal is to communicate iin the target language, not linguistic structures.

2. Students engage in role-play, pairs to reflect real-life situations.

3. The teacher should be able to use the target language fluently.