Flashcards
Attachment psychology: Lorenz and Harlow studies
Flashcards do conjunto (6)
- 1Attachment DefinitionAn emotional bond between 2 people. It is a 2 way process that endures over time. It leads to behaviours such as 1) Proximity 2) Separation Distress 3) Secure Base Behaviour
- 2Lorenz's StudyAim: To investigate the mechanisms of 'imprinting' Procedure: Lorenz took a group of Goose eggs and divided them into 2 batches. One batch was naturally hatched with its mother, the other was hatched in an incubator, with Lorenz being the fist moving object that they saw. Lorenz marked the Goslings so he could differentiate between the 2 groups. He placed all the Goslings, together, under a box. He then observed who the Goslings went to when the box was lifted. Findings: The naturally hatched Goslings went to the mother. However, the incubator hatched ones went to Lorenz. Conclusion: Lorenz called this 'Imprinting'. Where an attachment is made between the first visible, moving object that is encountered. The Critical Period is between 4 and 25 hours after being hatched. Imprinting has an effect on later sexual behaviour.
- 3Lorenz's Discussion P1I: There is a lot of supporting evidence demonstrating imprinting.
E: Guiton found that Leghorn Chicks, when exposed to yellow rubber gloves for feeding during the first few weeks, imprinted on the yellow gloves. They also found that the male chickens attempted to mate with the glove, showing early signs of imprinting being linked to later sexual relationships.
C: This shows that animals are born with a predisposition to imprint onto the first moving object during a critical period - 4Lorenz's Discussion P2I: There are issues with generalising from animals to humans.
E: It seems that the attachment system in mammals is different to that in birds.
C: This means that the findings (Critical Period Theory) may not be true of humans: I.E. Humans may be able to form attachments at any time, but less easier than infants. - 5Lorenz's Discussion P3I: Some of Lorenz's observations have been questioned.
E: Guiton found that he could reverse imprinting in chickens who tried to mate with a rubber glove in adulthood. They soon engaged in normal sexual behaviour.
C: This means that imprinting may not be as permanent as suggested. - 6Harlow's Study
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