Flashcards
Comp. Science Illuminated Ch 1-3
Flashcards do conjunto (30)
- 1AbstractionA model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the viewer
- 2Computer HardwareThe physical elements of a computing system
- 3Computer SoftwareThe programs that provide the instructions that a computer executes
- 4Computing SystemComputer hardware, software, and data, which interact to solve problems
- 5BaseThe foundational value of a number system, which dictates the number of digits and the value of the digit positions
- 6Binary DigitA digit in the binary number system (0 or 1)
- 7BitBinary Digit
- 8Byte8 Binary Digits
- 9IntegerA natural number, a negative of a natural number, or zero
- 10Natural NumberThe number 0 and any number you get by repeatedly adding 1 to it
- 11Negative NumberA value less than 0, with a sign opposite to its positive counterpart
- 12WordA group of one or more bytes; the number of bits in a word is the word length of the computer
- 13Analog DataA continuous representation of data
- 14Character SetA list of the characters and the codes used to represent each one
- 15Compression RatioSize of compressed data divided by size of uncompressed data
- 16Digital DataA discrete representation of data
- 17Floating PointA representation of a real number that keeps track of the sign, mantissa, and the exponent
- 18Huffman EncodingUsing a variable-length binary string to represent a character so that frequently used characters have short codes
- 19Keyword EncodingReplacing a frequently used word with a single character
- 20Lossless CompressionA data compression technique in which there is no loss if information
- 21Lossy CompressionA data compression technique in which there is a loss of information
- 22OverflowThe condition that occurs when the results of a calculation are too large to represent in a given machine
- 23Pulse-Code ModulationVariation in a signal that jumps sharply between two extremes
- 24Radix PointThe dot that separates the whole part from the fractional part in a real number in any base
- 25Raster-Graphics FormatStoring image information pixel by pixel (.jpeg, .png, .gif)
- 26Run-Length EncodingReplacing a long series of repeated characters with a count of the repetition
- 27Signed-Magnitude RepresentationNumber representation in which the sign represents the ordering of the number (negative and positive) and the value represents the magnitude
- 28Spatial CompressionMovie compression technique based on the same compression techniques used for still images
- 29Ten's ComplementA representation of negative numbers, such as that the negative of "I" is 10 raised to "k" minus "I"
- 30Vector GraphicsRepresentation of an image in terms of lines and shapes