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Flashcards do conjunto (13)
- 1The scientific method: Observation -> Hypothesis -> Make Predictions -> Design and carry out experiment/test hypothesis -> Accept/reject/refine theoryDescriptive studies are studies which describe things
- 2Analytic Studies are studies which test the hypothesisPopulation is a complete set of entities or elements or units or people that we wish to describe or make inference about
- 3A sample is a subset of a populationA sampling frame is a list of items in a population from which a sample is drawn
- 4Selection bias occurs if a sample is not representative of the populationInformation bias occurs if the information collected from the sample members is incorrect
- 5Simple random sample is for a finite population of size N draw a a sample size n such that each possible sample has the same probability of being selected.Stratified Random Sampling is about controlling variation. The more variation in the data the less precise inference.
- 6Cluster Random Sampling is when the population may be composed of similar and naturally occuring groupsAnalytic studies key concepts: Replication ( allowing us to seperate out true effects from chance effects) and control (provides context for evaluating the effect of interest)
- 7T(analytic) Experimental studies is when the researcher manipulates the conditions and records the results. Aim: to control all other factors and isolate the effects of the intervention
- 8(analytic) Observational studies is when the investigator does not intervene, simple observes a naturally occuring process and collects informationStudy design for Experimental: Randomized controlled trail. means every study unit has the same chance of being in each group. Also used to isolate the effects of the intervention
- 9Study design for Observational: Cohort study and Case-control study.Cohort studies: Participants are selected before the 'disease' has developed. Followed over time. Allocation isnt randomized so there is a chance for confounding.
- 10Case-control study: A group with (cases) and a group without (controls)Analytic studies generally test hypotheses regarding casual effects
- 11Our aim is a research study is to obtain a reliable estimate of the impact of the intervention or exposureConfounding is a distortion of the association between exposure and outcome caused by the presence of a third factor.
- 12To be a confounder a variable must be both: independent of outcome and independent of exposureWe divide bias into two types: Selection bias and Information bias
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- FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por Jade Webber em 26-04-2018.
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- Jade Webber
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