Flashcards
Sem título
Flashcards do conjunto (24)
- 1One assumption of the developmental approachIt assumes there are clearly identifiable systematic changes that occur in an individual's behaviour from conception to death
- 2StrengthsUseful
Can see changes over time
See why different age groups behave differently
Adds to nature Vs nurture debate - 3WeaknessesCan't generalise with adults
Children become confused & may misinterpret a task
Low ecological validity
Reductionist - doesn't take into account brain structure and chemical imbalance - 4What is conservation?The ability to keep in mind what stays the same and what changed in an object after it has changed aesthetically
- 5What was the sampling technique in the Samuel and Bryant study?Opportunity sample - nursery/school children from Devon
- 6Name three sample characteristics of the Samuel and Bryant study252 children aged between 5 and 8 1/2 years
split into 4 age groups
split into further subgroups by experimental condition - 7What was the method used in the Samuel and Bryant study?Lab experiment
- 8Name three Independent VariablesExperimental conditions
Task
Age - 9Name the Dependent VariableNumber of errors made on conservation tasks (out of 12)
- 10What were three variations of task?Number
Volume
Mass - 11What were the four age groups?5,6,7,8
- 12What were the experimental conditions?Standard (two questions)
One judgement
Fixed array - 13What did the Standard condition consist of?The child is asked about the size of the object before and after the shape was changed
- 14What did the One Judgement condition consist of?The child was tested using only the post-transformation question, after the children had witnessed the transformation process
- 15What did the Fixed Array condition consist of?The child saw no transformation being made and only saw the post-transformation display
- 16Name one control in the Samuel and Bryant StudyCounterbalancing
- 17What is counterbalancing?When the order in which the children undertook each trial was varied systematically to prevent order effects
- 18Name four summary points of the resultsall ages made fewer errors on One Judgement
Older children make fewer errors
Fixed Array produced most errors
Conservation of number (easiest) and conservation of volume (hardest) - 19Name to conclusions made by Samuel and BryantAsking the same question twice confuses children as they think that a different answer is required
Results show that children develop cognitive abilities as they get older - 20Name one improvement that could be made to the sampleThey only used children from Devon
- Repeat the study using children from all over the country
-Use an opportunity sample of equal boys and girls from schools and nurseries around the UK - 21Name one implication of the improvement to the sampleMore representative of the population of children - if the results are similar they can be generalised to the whole population of children
- 22Name on improvement to the methodSnapshot to longitudinal
-Test children every six months for three years to create a pattern of cognitive understanding - 23Name the implication of the improvementWill be able to establish the exact age where children learn to conserve
High risk of attrition - 24When did Samuel and Bryant carry out their study1984
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- FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por Louisa Roskilly em 08-11-2014.
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- Louisa Roskilly
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