Flashcards
Thermal Physics 2A
Flashcards do conjunto (60)
- 1is there a net energy flow during thermal equilibriumNO!
- 2What are the three forms of heat energy transfer?Conduction, convection, and radiation
- 3When is work positive?When it is being done ON a system
- 4When is work negative?When it is being done BY a system
- 5Does water expand or contract as temperature increases?Contracts
- 6How does conduction transfer energyThrough molecular contact
- 7How does convection transfer energy?Through bulk motion of a gas or liquid
- 8How does radiation transfer energyThrough emission and absorption of EM radiation
- 9Is conduction caused by molecular collision transfer energy in gas, liquid, or solidGas and liquid
- 10In what state of an object is heat conduction caused by lattive vibrations caused phonons?Solids
- 11In what element is heat conduction the dominations by conduction electronsMetals
- 12What is the equation for dQ/dt of a cylinder2*pi*k*l*( ( T1 - T2 ) / ln(r2/r1) )
- 13What is natural convection?Movement of fluid caused by temperature dependant density differences in a gravitational field
- 14What is forced convection?The fluid is forced to move by us (e.g. via pump or fan)
- 15What is the equation for the energy as a function of time absorbed by an object via its environment?P(abs) = (S-B constant)*(emissivity)*A*T(env)^4
- 16What is the equation of the peak frequency of a blackbodyf(peak) = 2.82*kB*T / h
- 17What is the equation of peak wavelength of a blackbodylamba(peak) = 0.201* hc / kB*T
- 18What are the conditions for an ideal gas?Point-like particles, perfectly elastic collisions
- 19What is the equation for the rms speedV(rms) = (3kB*T)/m
- 20van der Waals gas equation is (P + a*V^2/N^2) * (V - bN) = N*kB*T. What are (i) a*V^2/N^2 and (ii) -bN corrections for?(i) the forces between particles and (ii) finite size of particles
- 21What is the equations of internal energy for a monotomic ideal gasU = 3/2 * NkB*T
- 22What is the energy per particle for any quadratic degree of freedom1/2 * kB * T
- 23What is meant by a quadratic degree of freedomdependant on a square value (e.g. velocity squared)
- 24state the equipartition theoremU = f/2 * N * kB * T
- 25Define mean free pathaverage distance travelled by a gas particle between collisions
- 26what is the equation for mean free pathlambda = 1 / ((2)^1/2 * pi * n * d^2)
- 27what does the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution demonstrate?the chance of finding a particle within a specific speed range
- 28How does one calculate the work done using P and Vintegrate W = -/P(V)dV from Vinitial to Vfinal
- 29How is the final temperature of a mixture calculatedUse principle of Qlost from highT = Qgained by low T
- 30what is the definition of heat capacityhow much heat energy is required to increase the temperature of an object by unit temperature
- 31what is the definition of specific heat capacityheat capacity for a unit mass (c = C / m)
- 32What is the equation for specific heat capacity at a constant volumeCv = f/2 N kB
- 33What is the equation for specific heat capacity at a constant pressureCp = N kB ( 1 + f/2 )
- 34What IS gamma?gamma = Cp / Cv
- 35Is gamma more than or less than 1?more than one
- 36What are the equations for internal energy and heat capacity at a constant volume for an Einstein solid?U = 3 N kB T
Cv = 3N kB - 37what is the equation for latent heatL = Q / m
- 38When does the equation PfVf^ gamma - 1 = PiVi^gamma - 1 apply?during a reversible adiabtic process
- 39In what process can PV = NkBT ideal gas law be applied?During an isothermal quasistatic process
- 40Define macrostateparameters of a system as a whole
- 41Define microstateposition and velocity of every particle of a system
- 42Define multiplicitynumber of microstates that can satisfy the macrostate
- 43What is the equation for multiplicity wrt heat energykBln(Wend) - kBln(Wstart) = Q/T
- 44What is the equation for multiplicity in terms of degrees of freedom at a CONSTANT VOLUMEW = f(N)T^(3N/2)V^W
- 45What is the equation for entropy?S = kB ln(W)
- 46What is the change in entropy for slow adiabatic expansion, and why?change in S = 0, as entropy increase from volume and entropy decrease from temperature cancel out
- 47what is the equation for change in entropy at a constant volumedS = dU/T
- 48What is the equation for 1/T wrt entropy?1/T = (DS/DU)v,N
- 49what is the equation for change in internal energy of a system wrt entropydU = TdS - PdV
- 50What is the equation for specific heat capacity a a constant volume wrt entropy?Cv = T*(DS/DT)v
- 51What are the processes in a carnot cycle, in order?isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, adiabatic compression
- 52What is the change in entropy during adiabatic compression and expansionchange in entropy dS = 0
- 53During the isothermal expansion in a carnot cycle, is work done done on or by the gas, and is it positive or negative?work is done on the gas, and is negative
- 54During in the isothermal compression of the gas, is the work on or by the gas, and is it positive or negative?the work is done on the gas and is positive
- 55what is the overall entropy change in the carnot cycle?dS = 0
- 56what is the equation for efficiency in a carnot cyclee = - Wcycle / Qhot (useful work from energy put in)
- 57What is the equation for the maximum efficiency of a carnot cycleec = 1 - Tcold/Thot
- 58why is a perfect fridge impossibleAs the entropy change of a perfect fridge would be < 0, which is not possible
- 59what is the coefficiency of performance for a fridge?Kc = Tcold / (Thot / Tcold)
- 60What are the two big ol rules of thermal physicsenergy of universe remains constant, entropy of universe always increases
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- FlashCards sobre Thermal Physics 2A, criado por Carolyn Mill em 11-12-2018.
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- Carolyn Mill
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