Flashcards
RE Mock
Flashcards do conjunto (27)
- 1What are the 4 Noble Truths?The truth of suffering (Dukkha)
The truth of the origin of suffering
(3 Poisons - Samudāya)
The truth of the cessation of suffering (Nirodha)
The truth of the path to the cessation of suffering (Magga) - 2What is the 8 fold path?Right vision, or understanding: understanding that life always involves change and suffering; realising that following the Noble Eightfold Path is the way to overcome suffering and be really happy.
Right emotion: commiting oneself to wholeheartedly following the path.
Right speech: speaking in a positive and helpful way; speaking the truth.
Right action: living an ethical life acording to the precepts.
Right livelihood: doing work that doesn’t harm others and is helpful to them.
Right effort: thinking in a kindly and positive way.
Right mindfulness: being fully aware of oneself, other people, and the world around you.
Right meditation, or concentration: training the mind to be calm and positive in order to develop Wisdom. - 3What are the 4 watches of the night?The First Watch - The recollection of human past lives, and knowledge of the cycle of death and rebirth
The Second Watch - The recognition that the cycle of rebirth affects all sentient beings in all worlds, and that the law of karma determines the quality and type of rebirth, and its suffering
The Third Watch - The recognition of the cycle of causality that leads to death and rebirth, and the means of liberation from this cycle
The Fourth Watch - The recognition of the state of enlightenment, and the great awakening of the Buddha - 4What is nirvana?An indescribable state, held by Buddhists to be the ultimate goal of religious practice, involving breaking free from the cycle of samsara (rebirth).
- 5What is the ascetic lifestyle?Where you live a simple life, such as how Buddha did by sitting underneath the Bodhi. You don't break the 4 noble truths and are on your way to nirvana. You abstain from sensual pleasures.
- 6What is an arhat?A person who has achieved enlightenment following the Buddha’s teaching.
- 7What was Buddha's ascetic life like?He meditated using the words of various religious teachers as a guide. He practiced with five ascetics (which followed him). When answers to his questions did not appear, he doubled his efforts, almost fasting to starvation and refusing water.
He could not reach the level of satisfaction he sought, until one day a girl offered him a bowl of rice. He then realised what he was doing is wrong, and was not helping him achieve nirvana. He then went on to teach others the ascetic life. - 8What are the 3 marks of existenceAnicca - Impermanence, everything is impermanent. And that thoughts, mental events come into being and dissolve. Nothing lasts.
Dukkha - The state of suffering, includes all physical and mental sufferings such as rebirth, ageing, illness and dying.
Anatta - The thought that there is no unchanging and permanent 'self' or soul. - 9What does Buddhism say about sexism?Aparimitayur Sutra - You must be reborn a male to reach enlightenment and to reach nirvana.
Lotus Sutra - Men and women are both equal - 10What does Christianity say about sexism?Genesis 3:16 - "With painful labour you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you"
Galatians 3:28 - "You are all one in Christ Jesus." - 11What is a Boddhisattva?(Mahayana Buddhism) - A person who is able to reach nirvana but delays so to help suffering beings. (charity)
- 12What is Dependent ArisingDependent arising says that we come into the world with certain drives that cause us to build a view of the world and our place in it in a way that leads us into trouble.
- 13What is Dhamma?The universal truth taught by the Buddha; Buddhism as a whole.
- 14What is DhammapadaThe collection of all sayings by the buddha.
- 15What are the five aggregates?Form - matter or body of a being; Sensation - sensory experience, unpleasent, pleasent or normal; Discrimination - what registers labels (emotion of fear, colors, shapes);
Volition - Any process that makes a person initiate action or act;
Consciousness - Awareness of an object and discrimination of its components and aspects. - 16What are the three poisons?Greed (bird) - A burning desire for an object with lasting satisfaction.
Hatred (snake) - Wishing harm and suffering upon another being.
Ignorance (pig) - Our wrong understanding of reality. Misconception on how the world works.
This all relates to the wheel of life and the second noble truth. - 17What are the three refuges?The Buddha,
The Dharma - His teachings (Buddhism)
The Sangha - The community of worshipers - 18What are the three universal truths?1. Everything is impermanent and changing
2. Impermanence leads to suffering, making life imperfect
3. The self is not personal and unchanging. - 19What is the 'Theravada' way to live?Theravada emphasises on liberating suffering by your *own* efforts. Meditating and concentration is vital, and the follower is expected to 'abstain from all kinds of evil and purify their mind.' They believe the way to extinguish suffering is by abandoning attachments to aggregates.
- 20What is the 'Mahayana' way to live?Emphasises on the Boddhisattva ( the ‘enlightenment being’) as the ideal way for a Buddhist to live. Emphasises on realising true emptiness and to not attach to things that can lead to craving. They believe in buddha-nature (what's essential in an enlightened being)
They also believe that anyone can reach Buddhahood (enlightenment). - 21What is the 'Pure Land' way to live?Emphasises on being 'much easier to reach nirvana' by focusing less on meditation and awareness that some people cannot endure long meditation periods. For some people, the Pure Land *is* nirvana.
- 22What is Justice?Anybody treated unfairly will have the opposite effect as an act of justice.
- 23What is the holy spirit?The spirit and power of God.
- 24Who is the son of God?Jesus is the son of God, he was sent down and is incarnated (made flesh) by God to tell the word about God.
- 25What is Salvation? Grace? Forgiveness?Salvation: To help someone from past harm and suffering, such as war veterans are given homes.
Grace: The love of God to the un-lovely. The unmerited favor of God.
Forgiveness: To forgive for what someone / yourself has done. To let go of negative emotions and suffering. - 26What is atonement?Atonement is the method upon you are reconciled (friendly relations restored) to God through Jesus' suffering and death. An act of forgiveness of sin.
- 27What is a sacrament?A religious ceremony or ritual regarded as giving the receiver grace. Such as baptism, or anointing the sick.