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Flashcards do conjunto (35)
- 1Physical Geography - What does the structure of the Earth look like?
- 2How thick is the crust?6km thick/4 miles.
- 3How hot is the mantle range?5000 degrees celcius to 1300 degrees celcius.
- 4What is the outer core like?Liquid and made up of iron.
- 5What is the core made up of and how hot is it?Iron and nicol and is 5500 degrees celcius.
- 6Why do the plates move?Convection currents occur when matter rises as it is heated. The water rises as it is heated and sinks as it cools creating a current. The current acts like a conveyer belt, shifting the objects that rest on top. The objects will move in the direction of the currents.
- 7What is a plate?A segment of varying sizes. They float on top of the mantle.
- 8What's a plate boundary?Where two plates meet.
- 9What's continental drift?The separation over millions of years that has produced continents.
- 10What's oceanic and continental crust?The plates are divided into 2 types - continental and oceanic.
- 11What is continental crust made up of?Less dense rocks such as granites and it can't sink.
- 12Can continental crust be renewed and destroyed or not renewed and destroyed?Cannot be renewed or destroyed.
- 13What is oceanic crust made up of?Less dense rock like the younger ones found along the Mid Atlantic Ridge.
- 14How thick and old is oceanic crust?6 to 10km thick and has an average age of 200 million years.
- 15How thick and how old is continental crust?Generally 35 to 70km thick and over 1500 million years old.
- 16Can oceanic crust sink and be renewed and destroyed?Yes.
- 17How are earthquakes and volcanoes distributed across the Earth?In narrow bands. They are usually found together on the edge of continents. The Pacific Ring of Fire is an example of the way they are distributed around North America. However, they aren't always on the edge. For example, Hawaii.
- 18What happens at a constructive plate margin?2 plates move apart. For example, Mid Atlantic Ridge.
- 19What happens at a destructive subduction plate boundary?A continental plates meet an oceanic plate.
- 20What happens at a destructive collison plate boundary?2 plates of similar densities move together. This causes the material between them to buckle and rise up, forming mountains. For example, The Himalayas.
- 21What happens at a conservative margin?2 plates don't directly collide but they slide past each other along a weakness. For example, the San Andreas Fault in California.
- 22Collison margin?When 2 plates meet, neither sink as they are both light continental plates so they buckle up together. All the rocks between them and at their edges get crumpled and folded and broken; they get pushed upwards to form mountains. They get higher every year because they are still being pushed. For example, the Himilayas are squeezed between India and Eurasia. The 2 colliding plates push against each other causing severe earthquakes but there is no magma rising under the plate margin so there are no volcanoes.
- 23Conservative plate margin?The plates slide past each other. They move in a similar direction but at different angles and speeds, When a plate moves faster than the other, they get stuck. Eventually they are released with the build up of pressure. This causes earthquakes. California lies on this type of margin. The moving margin is called the San Andreas Fault.
- 24Destructive plate boundary?2 plates meet and the denser oceanic crust sinks down into the mantle while the lighter continental crust stays up. The sinking plate can get stuck dragging past the other plate and when the pressure is too much, the rocks in the plates snap and move, causing violent earthquakes. The friction between the 2 plates produces heat which melts the surface of the downward moving plate. As it goes deeper into the hot mantle, it melts even more and eventually it melts completely. The magma from the melted plate rises and makes its way through the crust to erupt through volcanoes; this magma has such a difficult route and builds up so much gas that it produces a violent, explosive eruption when it emerges. Japan lies on this type of plate margin which stretches amost all the way around the Pacific Ring of Fire.
- 25Constructive plate boundary?2 plates move apart, magma escapes through the gap onto the ocean floor. It cools and solidifies to form new oceanic crust, added onto the edges of the plates. The rising magma pushes up the plates to form a ridge on the ocean floor. It is like a range of mountains under the sea. There are lots of volcanic eruptions along this ridge. An example of this type of plate margin is the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Iceland lies on this type of margin.
- 26What are the problems of living in a mountaineous area?Limited resources (no industry or energy supply), climate (becomes colder, wetter and windier with increasing height), relief (mainly high and steep so they can't build houses or roads), soils (mountain soils are typically stony, thin and infertile so can't grow crops) and accessibility (roads and railways are expensive and difficult to build so that its hard to get around)
- 27What are the properties of a composite volcano?Acidic lava, tall cone, narrow base, steep sides, violent explosions possible, irregular eruptions (can be dormant for long periods) and are found on destructive plate boundaries.
- 28What are the properties of a shield volcano?Basic lava, made up of lava only, regular eruptions, lava pours out with little violence, cone with wide base and gentle slopes and are found on constructive margins.
- 29Alps Case Study - where are the Alps?In Central Europe and cover Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and France.
- 30How were the Alps created?When the African plate collided with the Eurasian plate causing the rock to be folded up into a mountain range that stretches over 4000m up.
- 31Hows are the Alps used for farming?Most farms are found on the south facing slopes of the Alps because they are sunnier and warmer. The traditional form of farming is dairy farming. Farming has adapted over many years. They now use cable cars and plastic pipes to deliver milk to the factories in the valley.
- 32How are the Alps used for hydro-electric power?The steep slopes, high precipitation and summer melting of the glaciers produce fast flowing rivers. The rivers are dammed so the water builds up behind them. As the water pressure builds up it pushes through the turbines creating cheap hydro-electric power. This electricity is supplied to the small villages in the valleys and is exported to other regions.
- 33How are the Alps used for forestry?Coniferous trees cover many of the slopes, especially the north facing ones. Wood has been used for building and fuel in the winter months for many centuries.
- 34How are the Alps used for mining?The Alps used to be used for salt, iron ore, gold, silver and copper mining but cheaper competition has encouraged mining companies to leave the region.
- 35How are the Alps used for tourism?They have a hudge physical advantage in the tourist industry as it has the perfect relief to attract skiers, climbers, walkers and geographers. In the winter months there is plentiful snow for skiing and other winter sports. There is flatter land on the high level benches that are used for the building of restaurants, hotels and ski lifts. In the summer months, there are large glacial lakes on valley floors and beautiful mountain scenery.
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- FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por daynamce em 23-12-2014.
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