Flashcards
Biological notes for test
Flashcards do conjunto (56)
- 1Porifera taxaClass:
Calcarea
Demospongiae sub class Keratosa
Hexactinellida - 2Ecology - Feeding and spiculesSessile, filter feeders
Water through ostia, filtered by choanocytes and out though osculum
Calcarea: CaCO3 spicules
Demospongiae: Spingin spicules
Hexactinellida: Silica spicules, deep sea - 3Cnidaria body plan - tissues and symmetryEctoderm, mesoglia (acellular) and endoderm - Diploblastic
Nematocysts inside cnidocytes
Polyp or medusa body form
Anthozoa: 6 or 8 part symmetry
Scyphozoa: 4 part symmetry
Hydrozoa: 4 part symmetry - 4Cnidaria ecology and feedingAll aquatic, mostly marine
All are predators
Sexual and asexual reproduction, medusa and polyp in life cycle - 5Platyhelminthes ecologyTurbellaria: Free living predators, soil & aquatic
Rhabditophora: Freshwater and marine, ectoparasite and predator
Monogenea: Aquatic Ectoparasite
Digenea: Endoparasite, complex lifecycle
Cestoda: Endoparasite
All hermaphrodites - 6TurbellariaFree living, bilateral symmetry and cephalisation
Soil and aquatic
Have eversible pharynx to penetrate prey
Carnivores
Hatch from eggs and develop reproductive organs through life - 7RhabditophoraFreshwater predators and ectoparasites of crustaceans
Rhabdites produce mucus
Move via tentacle like structures
Unbranched and sac like gut
Hatch from eggs and develop reproductive organs as they grow
Pharynx modified for sucking - 8TrematodaDigenea
Endoparasite of vertebrates, mollusc 2' host
Complex lifestyle, up to 3 hosts
Prohaptor and Opisthaptor
Absorb nutrients through body to supplement parasitism
Ciliated, aquatic larvae - 9MonogeneaObligate parasites
Aquatic, ectoparasites of fish
Ciliated, aquatic larvae
Opisthaptor, keratinous hooks
Obligate parasites
Feed with gut - 10CestodaEndo-Parasite of vertebrates
Attach via scolex: sucking and hooks
2 hosts, have 1 when eggs eaten by host
Segmented: Proglottids
Hermaphrodites, Scolex end male organs and tail end female organs - 11Phylum NematomorphaHorsehair worms
aquatic and free living
Juveniles are all parasitic
Relatives of nematodes
~40cm long - 12Phylum NemerteaRibbon worms
Marine
Has proboscis
Predatory
Body has mouth and anus
Dioecious
Good sense organs - 13Phylum NematodaLive in all environments
Parasitic
Have lips and jaws
Often transmitted via insects - Elephantitis
Most widespread metazoan - 14Phylum Mollusca characteristicsComplete gut with mouth and anus
Coelom lined with mesoderm
Bilateral symmetry
Protosomes
Unsegmented
Tripliblastic
Respiration via ctenidia in mantle cavity
Mantle secretes shell
Digestion via cilia not peristalsis
Feed using radula - 15Class Polyplacophora notesAll marine, on tidal rocks
Eat algae
8 segmented, hard plates
flexible
Multiple ctenidia in mantle cavity
Dioecious, trochophore larva
Long radula - 16Class GastropodaAll habitats, only class that includes terrestrial
Coiled, asymmetrical shells, twisted body during larval stage
Large creeping foot
One ctenidia, water flows from gill over anus
Some species have operculum
Some have siphon, detects prey
Grazers, hunters, parasites - 17Sub Class ProsobranchiaCoiled shells with operculum and dioecious
- 18Sub Class OpisthobranchiaMarine, Hermaphrodies, one ctenidia, bilateral symmetry. Sea slug and sea hares
Mantle cavity lost, have secondary retractible anal gill to supplement gas exchange via skin - 19Sub Class PulmonataNo gills. Mantle cavity has blood vessels and use air for respiration. Some terrestrial and some aquatic.
Hermaphrodites, Internal fertilisation and no operculum
Direct development from egg - 20Class BivalviaShell has two lateral valves, reduced head and flattened foot.
Two lateral mantle cavities, each with ctenidia. No radula and stomach has crystalline style
Mantle edge has three layers
Has inhalent and exhalent siphons - 21Sub Class ProtobranchiaDeposit feeders with small gills. Ctenidia only used for gas exchange, not feeding
- 22Sub Class MetabranchiaEvolved from Protobranchia and developed ctenidia specialised for filter feeding. Gills became enlarged and folded to increase surface area
Super order Filibranchia and Eulamellibranchia - 23Class CephalopodaLargest invertebrates
Predators
Complex behaviour and sense organs
Exclusively marine
Bilateral symmetry
Foot modified to become arms and funnel which is for jet propulsion - 24Sub Class NautiloideaOnly cephalopod with external shell
Large number of arms ~90, primitive eyes and no ink.
Shell derived into chambers and gilled with gas, for buoyancy. Chambers connected by living tissue Siphuncle
Long life and slow reproduction, can't live in captivity - 25Sub Class ColeoideaShell reduced or absent, internal: vestigal shell, pen or buoyancy spiral
8-10 arms with hooks, suckers or chitinous teeth
Locomotion via jet propulsion
Two ctenidia in mantle cavity, inhale and exhale using mantle muscles
Digestion using peristalsis rather than cilia
Well developed nervous system
Dioecious with courtship behaviour
Direct development from egg - 26Phylum AnnelidaSegmented worms, segment = metamere
Bilateral symmetry
Triploblastic, 3 part gut
Coelomate
Aquatic and terrestrial
Burrowers, predators and filter feeders - 27Class Polychaeta Sub class ErrantiaWell developed locomotion and sensory organs, chitinous chaetae. Free living predators or burrowers
Polynoidae or Nereididae
Dioecious
Paired parapodia - 28Sub class SedentariaTube worms
Dioecious
Reduced parapodia
Poorly developed head and senses
Detritus or filter feeders. Food covered in mucus and moved to mouth via cilia
Arenicolidae, echiuridae, chaetopteridae, sabellidae and serpulidae - 29Class OligochaetaEarthworms. Reduced setae
Aquatic and terrestrial
Inhabit moist environments
Detritus and deposit feeders
Absent parapodia
Hermaphrodites, simultaneous sperm exchange
Clitellum - produces mucus tube for egg deposit - 30Class HirudinidaDerived from Oligochaeta ancestor
Large, aquatic and terrestrial
Parasitic or predatores, sanguivores
Flattened body, end segment modified as sucker
No setae, reduced septa
Clitellum in reproductive phase
Hermaphrodites
Some parental care - 31Phylum SipunculaProtosome, true coelom, related to annelida, trichophore larva. Unsegmented, all marine burrowers and deposit feeders
Dioecious - 32Phylum Arthropoda general characteristicsAll habitats, segmented with jointed appendages, ventral nerve cord, exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry
main cavity is haemocoel and have open circulatory system
Dioecious with distinct gonads or gonoducts
Non crustaceans: Hydrophobic wax layer - 33Phylum TardigradaCoelomate
Aquatic
Bilateral symmetry
four pairs of clawed legs
Smooth and striated muscle - 34Phylum OnychophoraAncestor of Arthropods
Paired, unsegmented legs
Nocturnal predators, expel mucus from papillae
Terrestrial
Soft cuticle - 35Sub Phylum CrustaceaHave exoskeleton
2 pairs of antennae
Mostly aquatic and marine, some terrestrial
Biamorous, paired limbs
Hard carapace
Compound eyes
Dioecious except thecostraca, external fert. - 36Class BrachiopodaAnostraca: Freshwater, no carapace, 20 segments and limbs used for feeding, respiration and locomotion
Notostraca: Hard trunk and large carapace
Only vestige of 2nd antenna
Compound eyes beneath shield
Telson has two caudal processes - 37Class Branchiopoda Order Diplostraca Sub Order CladoceraWater fleas
Aquatic filter feeders and predators
Carapace extends ventrally forming slit
Enlarged antennae and small anntenules
5 pairs of thoracic legs
Hook shaped telson - 38Class OstracodaSeed shrimp and barnacles
Body enclosed in bivalve CaCO3 Carapace
Well developed antenna and antennules
Simple eyes below shell
Diverse feeding: Predators, filter feeders, scavengers - 39Sub Class CopepodaTiny
Mostly marine
Ecto and endoparasites
Round or pointed head
long antennae for swimming
Median simple eye
Brood eggs - 40Sub Class ThecostracaAll marine
Only sessile crustacean
CaCO3 plates as carapace
No appendages left except mandibles
No segmentation in adults
Hermaphrodites - 41Class MalacostracaSegmented and specialised limbs
Macrophagous feeders, except mysida filter feeders
Large, have specialised gills - 42Sub phylum myriapodaLack wax cuticle, require moist environment
Complex mating behaviour, indirect sperm transfer
Have simple eye
Ventral nerve cord
Chilopoda: Fast, carnivores
Diplopoda: Slow, vegetaria. Double trunk segment form fusion of two somites - 43Sub Phylum ChelicerataAll predators or parasites
Lack antennae
First pair of appendages: Chelicerae on prosoma modified for feeding
Segmented Exoskeleton, moulting, loss of cilia
Dioecious - 44Class MerostomataAquatic
Hard carapace covering prosoma
Appendages on opisthosoma modified to form book lungs
Has long telson
Feed on marine worms and shellfish
Birds feed on eggs and LAL produced from blood - 45Class ArachnidaMostly terrestrial
Simple eyes
Prosoma covered with carapace
1st pair of appendage chelicerae
Predators - 46Order araneaeFang like Chelicerae
Distinct Opisthosoma
Have book lungs and spinerettes that make web from silk produced from silk glands
Hunting spiders don't spin webs
Chelicerae often have poison glands
Necrotising Arachnidism - 47Order ScorpionesLarge pedipalps
Prosoma
Opisthosoma: mesosoma, metasoma and telson, poison injected though telson spike
Predators
Pseudoscorpiones: Tiny, no telson - 48Order OpilionesHave soma, prosoma and opisthosoma fused together
No poison, produce stink
No silk glands or webs
Copulate with penis
Omnivores - 49Order AcariDioecious, internal fertilisation
Ticks: Ectoparasites and disease vectors - 50Phylum EchinodermataExclusively marine
Grazers, filter feeders and predators
No Parasitic members
Deutrosomes
No Cephalisation, simple nervous system
Indirect development
Pentaradial symmetry, 2' bilateral symmetry
Mutable connective tissue
Calcareous ossicle skeleton
Tube feet
Water vascular system - madreporite - 51Class CrinoideaOral surface upwards
Pentaradial symmetry
Ossicles
Tube feet
Water vascular system
U shaped gut
many arms - 52Class AsteroideaThick, hollow arms broadly joined to central disc
Prominent ambulacral grooves, 2-4 rows of tube feet
Carnivores
Eversible cardiac stomach - 53Class OphiuroideaLong whip like arms join sharply to central disc
Vertebrate like ossicles on arms - locomotion
No Anus
Carnivores and scavengers
Simple digestive tract, no intestine digest food in stomach - 54Class EchinoideaOssicles form test with long spines
Algae grazers, prey for otters
Have pedicellariae and paired tube feet
Peristomal gills for respiration
Tube feet and spines for respiration
Aristotles lantern: feeding
Long gut with 2 turns - 55Class echinoidea Sub class IrregulariaGrazers and herbivores
Burrowers
Reduced peristomal gills and reduced respiratory tube feet arranged in pentaloid
Lunules reduce lift
Mouth and anus both on oral surface - 56Class HolothuroideaMicroscopic ossicles in skin
Buccal tube feet tentacles for feeding
Mouth and anus at opposite ends
Secondary bilateral symmetry, tube feet on ventral surface
Simple stomach but long gut, respiration via respiratory trees
Benthic, mutable connective tissue
Cuverian organs for defense
Deposit or filter feeders
Food source, economically important
Close relative of urchins
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- FlashCards sobre Biological notes for test, criado por Kelly C em 22-05-2019.
- Criado por
- Kelly C · mai 2019
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- 23 mai 2019
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