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Flashcards

Cross Sectional - Brain

Adriana Long Sonography Inglês 119 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (119)

  1. 1Meninges: • Surrounds and ___ brain • __ distinct connect tissue membranes (layers)• Protects
    • 3
  2. 23 Distinct Connective Tissue Membranes (Layers): • Dura ___ • ____ • ___ mater• Mater
    • Arachnoid
    • Pia
  3. 3Dura Mater: • ___ membrane, ___-layered• Outermost ; Double
  4. 4Dura Mater: Falx Cerebri: • Between the ___ ___• Cerebral hemispheres
  5. 5Dura Mater: Tentorium Cerebelli: • Between cerebrum and ___• Cerebellum
  6. 6Dura Mater: Falx cerebelli: • Between ____ hemispheres• Cerebellar
  7. 7Arachnoid: • Extremely ___, delicate and ___• Thick ; transparent
  8. 8Arachnoid: • ___ layer of meniges• Middle
  9. 9Arachnoid: • Follows contour of ___ ___ • Space between arachnoid and dura mater: ____ ___• Dura Mater
    • Subdural space
  10. 10Pia Mater: • __ layer of meniges• Innermost
  11. 11Pia Mater: • ___ • Highly ____• Thin
    • Vascular
  12. 12Pia Mater: • Adhered to ___ of the brain• Tissues
  13. 13Pia Mater: • Space between arachnoid and pia mater: ____ space • Contains __ and larger blood ___ of the brain• Subarachnoid
    • CSF ; vessels
  14. 14Ventricular System: • The ventricular system is the ___ for circulation of cerebral spinal fluid (__) throughout the central nervous system (__)• CSF ; CNS
  15. 15Ventricular System: • CNF is produced in the ____• Ventricles
  16. 16Ventricular System: • ___ fluid filled cavities in the brain make up the ventricular system • Lateral ___ (left and right) • __ ventricle • ___ ventricle• 4
    • Ventricles
    • Third
    • Fourth
  17. 17Lateral Ventricles: • ___ & ____ • ___ ventricles • Located in each ___ hemisphere, mainly in ___ lobe• Right and left
    • Large
    • Cerebral ; parietal
  18. 18Lateral Ventricle: • Divided into 3 regions: • Anterior ___ : ___ lobe • ___ horn: occipital lobe • ___ horn: ___ lobe• Horn ; Frontal
    • Posterior
    • Inferior ; Temporal
  19. 19Cranium • The ___ ventricles communicate and drain CSF into ___ ventricle via the ___ of ___• Lateral ; third ; Foramen of Monro
  20. 20Cranium • Foramen of Monro aka ___ ___Interventricular Foramen
    (between ventricles)
  21. 21Third Ventricle: • Narrow, ___, midline chamber ___ to lateral ventricles • Courses through the ___ "meatball"• Long ; Inferior
    • Thalamus
  22. 22Third Ventricle: • The third ventricle communicates and ___ into the 4th ventricle via the ____• Drains ; Cerebral Aqueduct
  23. 23Third Aqueduct: • aka ___ of ___• Aqueduct of Sylvius
  24. 24Fourth Ventricle: • ____-shaped cavity • Continuous with ___ central canal that extends into the ___ ___• Diamond
    • Narrow ; spinal cord
  25. 25Fourth Ventricle: • The 4th ventricle communicates & drains ___ to the spinal canal and ____ space via the ____ of ___ & Foramen of Magendie• CSF ; subarachnoid ; Foramina of Luschka
  26. 26Fourth Ventricle: Foramen of Magendie: • Major ___ of CSF • Communicates with ___ ___• Exit
    • Cisterna Magna
  27. 27Fourth Ventricle: Foramina of Luschka: • ___ lateral openings • CSF passage to ____ space• Two
    • Subarachnoid
  28. 28CSF Production: • ___ plexus "nest"• Choroid
  29. 29Choroid Plexus: • Network of ___ ___ which produce CSF • Lines ___ of lateral ventricles, roof of ___ ventricle and portions of ___ ventricle• Blood vessels
    • Floor ; 3rd ; 4th
  30. 30Cisterns: • Cisterns are spaces in ___ space where relatively __ amounts of CSF ____ "pool of CSF"• Subarachnoid ; large ; accumulates
  31. 31Basal Cisterns: • aka ____ cisterns• Subarachnoid
  32. 32Cisterna Magna: • Area between ____ ____ and ____ hemispheres• Medulla Oblongata ; Cerebellar
  33. 33Interpeduncular: • in ___• Midbrain
  34. 34Pontine: • ___/____ to pons• Anterior/Inferior
  35. 35Ambient: • Passes around ___ surface of brain• Lateral
  36. 36Quadrigeminal: • Between ___ ___ and superior surface of ____• Corpus Callosum ; Cerebellum
  37. 37Lateral Sulcus: • ___ between temporal and ___ lobe• Gap ; frontal
  38. 38Suprasellar: • Contains optic nerve and ___ of ___• Circle of Willis
  39. 39Cerebrum: • ___ portion of brain • ___ & ___ hemispheres • Composed of ___ and ___ matter• Largest
    • Right ; left
    • White ; gray
  40. 40Function of Cerebrum: • Thought • ____ • Memory • ____ (cognitive)•Judgment
    • Discrimination
  41. 41Cerebrum: Central Cortex: • ____ portion of cerebrum composed of ___ matter• Outermost ; gray
  42. 42Central Cortex: • Receives ___ impulses • Sends ___ impulses• Sensory
    • Motor
  43. 43Cranium: • ____: folds/ridges on surface • ___: shallow grooves between gyri• Gyri ; Sulci
  44. 44Central Sulcus: • ___ sulcus between frontal lobe and ___ lobe• Deep ; parietal
  45. 45Cranium: • Fissures: ___ grooves• Deeper
  46. 46Longitudinal Fissure: • Deep ___ between right and left hemispheres of ___ • Location of ___ ___• Cleft ; cerebrum
    • Falx cerebri
  47. 47Lateral Fissure: • aka ___ fissure • Deep cleft between ___, ___, and ___ lobes • Location of ___ ___ artery• Sylvian
    • Frontal ; Parietal ; Temporal
    • Middle cerebral
  48. 48Cranium: • ___ lobes of cerebrum: • ___, parietal, ___ & temporal• 4
    • Frontal ; Occipital
  49. 49Frontal Lobe Functions: • ___, judgment, ___ responses • Planning, ___ actions, ___ muscle • Speech ( ____ area)• Reasoning ; emotional
    • Complex ; Voluntary
    • Broca's
  50. 50Parietal Lobe Functions: • Perception of ____, touch, ___ • Pain, ___, components of writing & ___• Temperature ; pleasure
    • Taste ; reading
  51. 51Occipital Lobe Functions: • ____ perceptions of ___ stimuli• Conscious ; visual
  52. 52Temporal Lobe Functions: • ___ perceptions of auditory and ___ stimuli • Dominant area for ___, ___ processing• Conscious ; olfactory
    • Language ; memory
  53. 53Corpus Callosum: • ___ and ___ bundle of white matter within cerebrum • Connects ___ & ___ hemispheres• Largest ; deepest
    • Right ; left
  54. 54Basal Nuclei: • aka __ ____• Basal Ganglia
  55. 55Basal Nuclei: • Distinct regions of ___ matter scattered throughout ___ matter• Gray ; white
  56. 56Basal Nuclei Function: • Contribute to ___ and programming of muscle ___ and ____• Planning ; action ; movement
  57. 57Basal Nuclei: Caudate Nucleus: • Runs ___ to lateral ventricles• Parallel
  58. 58Basal Nuclei: Lentiform Nucleus: • ___ located in each hemisphere• Centrally
  59. 59Basal Nuclei: Claustrum: • ___ to lentiform nucleus, believed to be associated with ___ ___• Lateral ; visual attention
  60. 60Diencephalon: • ____ located in the brain, surrounds __ ventricle• Centrally ; 3rd
  61. 61Diencephalon Parts: • ___, ___, ____ gland and ____• Thalamus ; hypothalamus ; pituitary gland ; epithalamus
  62. 62Diencephalon: Thalamus: • ____ portion, forms lateral walls of ___ ventricle• Largest ; 3rd
  63. 63Diencephalon: Thalamus Primary Function: • Relays many ___ impulses• Sensory
  64. 64Diencephalon: Hypothalamus: • ___ cluster of tissue, forms ___ of 3rd ventricle• Small ; floor
  65. 65Diencephalon: Hypothalamus Functions: • Integrates ___ actions and releases ___ that inhibit or stimulate ___ hormones, aids in maintaining body ____• Autonomic ; hormones ; pituitary ; homeostasis
  66. 66Pituitary Gland: • ___ gland • Connected to ___ by a slender stalk called the ____• Endocrine ; infundibulum
  67. 67Pituitary Gland: • Infundibulum aka ___ ___• Pituitary stalk
  68. 68Pituitary Gland Function: • Controls and ___ other endocrine glands via the ___ of hormones• Regulates ; secretion
  69. 69Pituitary Gland: • Is divided into ___ lobes • ___ and ___• 2 ; anterior ; posterior
  70. 70Epithalamus: • ___ area superior and posterior to ___ • Comprises the ____ gland• Small ; thalamus
    • Pineal
  71. 71Pineal Gland: • ___ gland • Regulates ___ and ___ cycles • Secretes ____• Endocrine
    • Sleep ; wake
    • Melatonin
  72. 72The Limbic System: • A complex group of ___ brain structures located within/____ to ___ lobes• Interconnected ; adjacent ; temporal
  73. 73The Limbic System Functions: • ___ behavior, ___ & learning• Emotional ; memory
  74. 74The Limbic System Divisions: • ____, ____, ___ and ___ gyrus• Hippocampus ; Amygdala ; Fornix ; Cingulate
  75. 75The Limbic System: • Considered the brains ___ control center• Emotional
  76. 76Brainstem: • Relatively ___ mass of tissue containing many ___ and ___ nuclei• Small ; motor ; sensory
  77. 77Brainstem: • Vital for normal ___ ___ • ___ of 12 cranial nerves originate from ___ of the brainstem• Brain function
    • 10 ; nuclei
  78. 78Brainstem: • Acts as a ___ between cerebral cortex, ___, and spinal cord• Conduit ; cerebellum
  79. 79Brainstem Divisions: • ____ • Pons • ___ ____• Midbrain
    • Medulla Oblongata
  80. 80Midbrain: • ___ portion • Surrounds ___ ___ • Comprised of massive bundle of ___ fiber tracts• Smallest
    • Cerebral aqueduct
    • Nerve
  81. 81Pons: • ___ bulge located anterior to ___ • Band of ___ between midbrain and ___ ____• Prominent ; cerebellum
    • Fibers ; medulla oblongata
  82. 82Pons: • Relays ___ between spinal cord, ___ and ___• Impulses ; cerebrum ; cerebellum
  83. 83Medulla Oblongata: • Somewhat ___ shaped • Extends from ___ to ___ ___ where it continues as the ___ ___• Cone
    • Pons ; foramen magnum ; spinal cord
  84. 84Medulla Oblongata: Contain all ___ traces between brain and ___ ___ • Vital brain structure that ___ and controls ___ rate, ____ and blood pressure• Fiber ; spinal cord
    • Regulates ; heart ; respirations
  85. 85Cerebellum: • ____ to brainstem in posterior ___ ___• Posterior ; cranial fossa
  86. 86Cerebellum: • Consists of ___ cerebellar hemispheres2
  87. 87Cerebellum: • Hemispheres are ____ in shape and appearance • ____: connects two hemispheres • Cerebellar Peduncles: connects ___ to ___ ___• Cauliflower
    • Vermis
    • Cerebellum ; brain stem
  88. 88Cerebellum Function: • ___ functions and ____• Motor ; coordination
  89. 89Cerebral Vascular System: • Vascular supply to the brain is ___• Unique
  90. 90Cerebral Vascular System: Cerebral Arteries: • Unlike ___ arteries, the arteries in the brain are __-___ and ___ making them susceptible to ___ (berry) and ___• Peripheral ; thin-walled ; weak ; aneurysms ; strokes
  91. 91Cerebral Vascular System: Cerebral Veins: • Unlike peripheral veins, the veins in the brain do not contain ___ • Blood can flow in ___ direction• Valves
    • Either
  92. 92Cerebral Vascular System: Capillary arteries/veins: • Unlike capillaries in the rest of the body, the brain capillaries do not allow ___ of certain molecules to travel from the vessel to the brain ___. • This process is known as ___-___ __ (BBB)• Movement ; tissue
    • Blood-Brain Barrier
  93. 93Arterial Supply: • ___ supply of ___ blood:• Main ; oxygenated
  94. 94Arterial Supply: • Internal ___ Arteries (ICA) • Primary supply of ___ brain• Carotid
    • Anterior
  95. 95Arterial Supply: • ___ Arteries (VA) • Primary supply of ___ brain• Vertebral
    • Posterior
  96. 96Interior Carotid Arteries: • Supply ___, ___ and temporal lobes • Supply ___ structures• Frontal ; parietal
    • Orbital
  97. 97Internal Carotid Arteries: • As ICA enters the base of the skull, it turns ___ then ___ forming an "S" shape known as the ___ ___• Forward ; backward ; Carotid Siphon
  98. 98Internal Carotid Arteries: • Gives rise to ___ artery • Bifurcated into the ___ ___ artery & ___ ___ artery• Ophthalmic
    • Anterior cerebral ; middle cerebral
  99. 99Middle Cerebral Artery: • ___ cerebral artery • Direct continuation of ___ ___ artery • Gives rise to many ___• Largest
    • Internal carotid
    • Branches
  100. 100Middle Cerebral Artery: • Supplies much of ___ surface of cerebrum, much of the ___ lobe and nearly all ___ ___• Lateral ; temporal ; basal ganglia
  101. 101Anterior Cerebral Artery: • Supplies ___ frontal lobes and portion of ___ lobes • The left and right anterior cerebral arteries are connected by the ___ ___ artery• Medial ; parietal
    • Anterior communicating
  102. 102Vertebral Arteries: • Arise from the ___ arteries • Ascend ___ through ___ ___• Subclavian
    • Vertically ; foramen magnum
  103. 103Vertebral Arteries: • Anastomose to form ___ artery • Vertebral and basilar arteries supply ___, ___, inferior portion of ___ lobe and ___ lobes• Basilar
    • Cerebellum ; pons ; temporal ; occipital
  104. 104Basilar Artery: • Gives rise to the ___ ___ arteries• Posterior communicating
  105. 105Basilar Arteries: • The posterior communicating arteries connect the ___ ___ arteries and the ___ carotid arteries• Posterior cerebral ; internal
  106. 106Circle of Willis: • Critically important circular ____ of __ major arteries • Right ___, left __, right ___ and left ___• Anastomosis ; 4
    • ICA ; ICA ; vertebral ; vertebral
  107. 107Circle of Willis: • Provides ___ blood flow from ___ cerebral hemisphere to the other in the event of a ___• Collateral ; one ; blockage
  108. 108Circle of Willis: Formed by: • ___ cerebral • Posterior ___ • Posterior ___ • ____ communicating • Internal ___ • Middle ___ • ____• Anterior • Cerebral
    • Communicating •Anterior
    • Carotid • Cerebral
    • Basilar
  109. 109Venous Drainage: • Venous system mainly comprised of ___ ___, superficial ___ veins & ___ veins of cerebrum• Dural sinuses ; cortical ; deep
  110. 110Dural Sinuses: • Very ___ veins with ___ mater of brain • All veins of head drain into dural sinus then turn into ___ ___ veins• Large ; dura
    • Internal jugular
  111. 111Superficial Cortical Veins: • Located along the surface of each ___ hemisphere Responsible for draining ___ ___ and portion of ___ matter • Drain into ___ ___• Cerebral
    • Cerebral cortex ; white
    • Dural sinuses
  112. 112Deep Veins of Cerebrum: • ___ cerebral vein (Vein of ___) • ____ vein • ___ vein • Basal vein of ____• Internal ; Galen
    • Thalamostriate
    • Septal
    • Rosenthal
  113. 113Cranial Nerves: • __ pair of cranial nerves from anterior to posterior according to ___ to brain • All cranial nerves pass through ___ of skull to spinal ___• 12 ; attachment
    • Foramen ; column
  114. 114Cranial Nerves: • I: ___ (smell) • II: ___ (vision) • III: ___ (eye movement) • IV: ___ (eye movement)• Olfactory
    • Optic
    • Occulomotor
    • Trochlear
  115. 115Cranial Nerves: • V: ___ (mastication, sensory for head) • VI: ___ (eye movement) • VII: ___ (sensory and motor, muscles and taste)• Trigeminal
    • Abducens
    • Facial
  116. 116Cranial Nerves: • VIII: ____ (auditory) • IX: ____ (swallowing, parotid gland, taste, pain and regulation of respiration)• Vestibulocochlear
    • Glossopharyngeal
  117. 117Cranial Nerves: • X: ___ (extensive system, sensory and motor for organs including diaphragm) • XI: ___ (motor nerve, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles)• Vagus
    • Accessory
  118. 118Cranial Nerves: • XII: ___ (motor nerve, stimulates tongues to contract)• Hypoglossal
  119. 119—

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Sonography (Cross Sectional) FlashCards sobre Cross Sectional - Brain, criado por Adriana Long em 11-06-2019.
Criado por
Adriana Long
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