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Flashcards

TOPIC 8

sanaa_mirza Inglês 56 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (56)

  1. 1DatabaseAn organised collection of related data. It is possible to add, edit, manage and retrieve data from a database. The structure of a database allows data to be found and used quickly.
  2. 2Data Types : Number (integer)A whole number (positive or negative) but no fractions. e.g 43
  3. 3Data Types : Number (real)Any number, including whole numbers and fractions. e.g 435.256
  4. 4Data Types : Text or StringLetters, numbers or other characters such as punctuation marks. e.g Sanaa Mirza
  5. 5Data Types : Date / TimeAny time or date; the way the time or date is displayed depends on how it is formatted. e.g 05/06/2001 12:16
  6. 6Data Types : CurrencyMoney £ (including foreign currency $ or €). e.g £125.62
  7. 7Data Types : BooleanTwo opposing states e.g. true or false, male or female, yes or no.
  8. 8Data Types : ListsA list of values, sometimes called a “drop-down” list; only data from the list can be selected. e.g Miss, Mr, Mrs
  9. 9Data Types : PictureImage data, from a digital camera, mobile phone, the internet, a clip-art library or scanned in image.
  10. 10Data Types : SoundA beep from a barcode reader or popular song. e.g a music clip
  11. 11Data Types : VideoA video introduction to computer game or a downloaded film/TV programme.
  12. 12FieldA single item of data within a record. e.g surname, date of birth
  13. 13RecordConsists of a collection of related fields. e.g employees record is only to do with them
  14. 14FileA collection of related fields. e.g table of all records of students
  15. 15Key FieldUniquely identities each record. No two records have the same data in their key field. Also known as Primary Key. e.g pupil ID
  16. 16ValidationEnsure reasonable and sensible data is input in to a system, but there is no certainty that the data is correct. Needed for certain fields. e.g you must be born before 2005 to enter
  17. 17Validation Method : Range checkMakes sure the data is within range e.g you cant be born in 2019
  18. 18Validation Method : Type checkMakes sure the data is the right type e.g not entering numbers into your name
  19. 19Validation Method : Format/Picture checkIf the data entered has a particular pattern then an input mask can be used to force the data to conform to the rule. e.g a postcode
  20. 20Validation Method : Length checkThe length of the input is checked for the number of characters used. e.g a name being 1 letter is not long enough
  21. 21Validation Methods : Presence CheckSome data has to be entered. e.g your address when ordering a pizza
  22. 22Validation Methods : Lookup listThe computer can compare the entry with a list of allowed answers. e.g exam grades being and A* A B C D E or U
  23. 23ReportsA printed document that contains data from the database, organised and analysed in a certain way. e.g a student report
  24. 24FormsForms are used to make data entry more attractive and secure rather than entering data into raw tables.
  25. 25Calculated FieldsA result that changes, so therefore needs to be calculated. e.g someones age
  26. 26Uses of a databaseAdd, change or delete records, search for a particular record, sort the records into a given order and print reports about some aspect of the database.
  27. 27Updating recordsUpdating records that wont stay the same e.g someones address
  28. 28Searching for dataTo search for information you use a query. You are “querying the database”.
  29. 29Simple query searchLooks for data in one field.
  30. 30Complex query searchLooks at data with multiple criteria.
  31. 31Operator : =Equals. e.g surname = Mirza
  32. 32Operator : <Less than. e.g <1994
  33. 33Operator : >Greater than. e.g >1994
  34. 34Operator : <>Not equal to. e.g 1992<>1994
  35. 35Operator : ANDData is only listed where both conditions are true. e.g surname = Mirza AND forename = Sanaa
  36. 36Operator : ORData is only listed where either or both conditions are true. e.g surname = Mirza OR forename = Mirza
  37. 37Operator : LIKEWhere a perfect match is not needed. e.g Like Surname = 'Mirza'
  38. 38WildcardWildcard searches in a query for data that you only know part of. e.g surname begins with "*M"
  39. 39Wildcard : *Any number of characters.
  40. 40Wildcard : ?Any character. e.g "Sa" will find San but not Sanaa
  41. 41Wildcard : [ ]Any character in the brackets.
  42. 42Wildcard : [-]Any character within a range of characters.
  43. 43Wildcard : !Any character not in the brackets.
  44. 44Sorting DataResults of queries can be presented in a sorted order. e.g. alphabetical or in numerical order. Sorts can also be in ascending (A-Z) or descending (Z-A) order. It is easier to read.
  45. 45Security Issues : If data is secureCant be destroyed, accidentally altered or fall into unwanted hands.
  46. 46Security Issues : Consequences for businessesLoss of customers, payments not being received, bad publicity and difficult management decisions.
  47. 47Security Issues : Physical securityLocks on doors, alarms, ID cards, biometric systems.
  48. 48Security Issues : PasswordsAuthorised users are given a username. Each user also has a password that proves the user is really the one whose username is given. Using passwords is a method of authentication.
  49. 49Security Issues : Access rightsNo right to access the file, read access (user can view file but not alter it), write access (allowing the user to alter the contents of the file).
  50. 50Security Issues : Back upsA back-up is a second copy of the data. If a problem arises with the data file, then the back-up copy is used. Back-ups are: saved on to removable media (CD, DVD, memory sticks), stored at a separate location in a locked room or fireproof safe, made regularly (every day).
  51. 51Benefits of using a database : Fast accessUsing a database to find data is much faster compared to paper in a filing cabinet.
  52. 52Benefits of using a database : Easy to editA database allows for data to be easily updated and changed.
  53. 53Benefits of using a database : ValidationYou can set checks on the data being entered to ensure no inappropriate data gets into the system.
  54. 54Benefits of using a database : ReportsResults of searches can be used to print reports that may help management in their decision making.
  55. 55Benefits of using a database : SharingDatabase can be shared with any number of users on a network. Any user can edit the data.
  56. 56Benefits of using a database : SecurityPasswords may be set so that no unauthorised user can access the database, which may contain personal and sensitive data.

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FlashCards sobre TOPIC 8, criado por sanaa_mirza em 16-01-2015.
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sanaa_mirza
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