Flashcards
Soils A1 - A4 Test
Flashcards do conjunto (45)
- 1Explain the origin of the sediments that comprise the sedimentary rocks of western Canada and indicate why there are differences between them?Collected in the basins occupied by inland oceans
Different minerals and types of organisms led to differences in the nature of the sediments being deposited - 2If you examine a cross sectional map of the bedrock underneath Alberta adjacent to the Rocky Mountains what do you notice about their orientation from horizontal. What impact might this have on oil and gas exploration?Titled
Creation of folds and faults that can act as hydrocarbon traps - 3If you assume that gas forms in higher pressure environments than oil, which forms under lower pressures than gas would you expect to find gas in bedrock formations?Further from the land surface
- 4Bedrock formations are often described as being either marine or fresh water. Which of these formations would you expect to find associated with saline soils?Marine
- 5Explain the following statement: "despite the strong influence of bedrock on soil qualities prairie soils often bear little resemblance to the bedrock they rest on"materials are often transported by wind and water from original points of origin
- 6What are the two names often associated with mineral materials deposited during glaciation?Glacial till or morainal materials
- 7Identify whether the following materials were likely deposited during glaciation or deglaciation Loess Lacustrine Glacial till sand dunes fluvial materialsLoess: D
Lacustrine: D
Glacial Till: G
Sand dunes: D
Fluvial materials: D - 8Identify three key concepts about soil from the "definition of soil"Natural, 3D, unconsolidated, differing in physical, chemical, biological and morphological properties, forms horizons, capable of supporting life
- 9Explain the difference between pedology and edaphologyPedology: genesis and classification of soils
Edaphology: management and use of soils - 10Identify the four general "ecological roles" of soilsRegulate water supply
Media for plant growth
Regulate soil air and water quality
Foundation for human infrastructure - 11What are the four main changes that soil parent materials undergo?Additions, transformations, translocations, and losses
- 12Define a "soil profile"A vertical cut through soil and the subsequent arrangement of horizons
- 13Write out the equation for the soil forming factors and define each componentS = COPT/t
s = soil
c = climate
p = parent materials
T = topography
t = time - 14Sometimes there is a sixth soil forming factor included in the equationhumans
- 15Formed from the weathering of bedrock in its current siteresidual matter
- 16laid down in lakeslacustrine
- 17fine materials dropped from suspension in calm airloess
- 18deposited directly by glacier iceglacial till
- 19laid down in running waterfluvial
- 20partly decomposed organic matterpeat
- 21What impact do living organisms have on soil development?Soil mixing, nutrient cycling, organic matter accumulating, and the development of soil structure
- 22What impact does topography and drainage have on soil development?Aspect (vegetation), soil water distribution, soil depth
- 23Provide an example of how humans can impact soil developmentcultivation, logging and so on can lead to soil degradation
- 24Identify the four fundamental components of soilMineral
Air
Water
Organic matter - 25What role does soil organic matter play in the soil environment?Enhances soil fertility and H2O holding capacity
Enhances soil structure
Source of food for soil micro - organisms - 26Is there more available water in a sandy soil or a clayey soil?Sandy soils, there is less total water stored than in clay soils but what is stored is more readily available
- 27What impact do small pores have on available soil water and soil air? What can be done to improve available water in these soils?Soil water - smaller pores hold available water tighter and make it harder to extract by the plant even though the potential total water is greater than that of a sandy soil
Soil Air - trapped in smaller pores result in a higher CO2 concentrations which typically have a negative impact on crop growth
Solution - add organic matter - 28A B C L F & H are referred to as what kinds of horizons?Master mineral horizons
- 29Relatively unaffected by soil forming processesC Horizons
- 30Highest level of organic matter and soil micro-organismsHorizon A
- 31accumulates clay and organic matter from horizons aboveHorizon B
- 32Due to poor internal soil drainageg (gray colors)
- 33Enriched in sodiumn
- 34salines
- 35leached of clay, iron and organic mattere
- 36enriched in organic matterh
- 37primary carbonate mineralsk
- 38altered by chemical processes that have caused a change in colour or structure or bothm
- 39disturbed by cultivationp
- 40enriched with clayt
- 41Form under forest vegetation, often called Gary WoodedLuvisolic
- 42Develop from decomposing organic matter in low lying wet areasorganic
- 43agricultural soilschernozemic
- 44wet soils often displaying mottlinggleysolic
- 45hard pan soilschernozemic
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- FlashCards sobre Soils A1 - A4 Test, criado por jaydon.meyers em 01-02-2015.
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- jaydon.meyers
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