Flashcards
OCR psychology memory
Flashcards do conjunto (25)
- 1MEMORY
- 2KEY CONCEPTSInformation processing: Human memory process bits of information in stages, like a computer.
The stages are: Input, encoding, storage, retrieval and output - 3KEY CONCEPTSAccessibility problems occur when they cannot get a piece or information from memory, they just can't retrieve it. a person may have the 'tip if the tongue' feeling, when you know something but you just can't recall it.
- 4KEY CONCEPTSAvailability problems are more serious. it suggests that the information is no longer there. Some psychologists think that this happens if we don't use the information enough.
- 5CORE THEORY: MULTI-STORE MODELThe human memory system is made up of a number of separate and distinct stores.
It is also thought that memory is affected by time and space.
The two main stores are the STM and LTM. - 6CORE THEORY: MULTI-STORE MODEL MODEL
- 7CORE THEORY: MULTI-STORE MODELThe human memory system needs input, this needs to be encoded.
The STM has limited capacity and limited duration, so info can't be held for very long, or it will be displaced.
The LTM has unlimited capacity and a unlimited duration, it should in theory never be displaced. - 8CORE THEORY: MULTI-STORE MODELThe STM has a capacity of 9<7>5 chunks, the average person can only hold 7 chunks of information.
Research shows that its impossible to hold more than 10 pieces of info.
The duration of the STM is roughly 10-20s. - 9CORE THEORY: MULTI-STORE MODEL ForgettingDisplacement is one theory of forgetting, for example if a person gets given a long list of names, they will remember some but some will get 'shunted out' so they will not remember it.
- 10CORE THEORY: MULTI-STORE MODEL ForgettingDecay is another theory of forgetting, it happens over time when a piece of information has not been rehearsed at all or not enough. It happens in seconds in the STM, decay happens when we stop using the information.
- 11CORE THEORY: MULTI-STORE MODEL LimitationsThe model is too rigid and ignores individual differences
The model oversimplifies the STM and LTM
The model over-emphasises the role of the model. - 12ALTERNATIVE THEORY: LEVELS OF PROCESSINGThe multi store model over emphasises the role of rehearsal in memory, people say we remember things because they have meaning and not because we rehearse it.
For example if you are in a lesson and you enjoy it, you are more likely to remember what you have learnt - 13ALTERNATIVE THEORY: LEVELS OF PROCESSINGThe theory says that there are different levels of processing in memory. Either shallow or deep.
- 14ALTERNATIVE THEORY: LEVELS OF PROCESSING Shallow processingIf we shallow process something, we don't think about the meaning. This includes noticing colour and the slogan but not understanding it.
- 15ALTERNATIVE THEORY: LEVELS OF PROCESSING DEEP PROCESSINGThis includes thinking about what a piece of writing means, or trying to understand what a person is saying.
If we process information for meaning, so we are more likely to recall it. - 16ALTERNATIVE THEORY: LEVELS OF PROCESSINGThe LOP theory does not believe in different stores of memory, in fact it argues that we are wrong to assume that memory is limited by time and space.
It says we can remember a vast amount of information in a short space of time. - 17CORE STUDY: TERRY 2005this supports the multi- store model.
Aim:
To show that a persons memory is affected by factors such as time and space. - 18CORE STUDY: TERRY 2005 ProcedureHe tested peoples memory for television commercials. The commercials were 10 months old at the time and each commercial being a from a different product.
They were no longer than 30s long and were shown in groups of 15. He varied the order that he showed the adverts - 19CORE STUDY: TERRY 2005 ProcedureHe used 39 students as his participants, he used a repeated measure design, which means participants took part in both conditions.
The independent variable was whether the participants recalled the commercials immediately after they were presented or after a delay. - 20CORE STUDY: TERRY 2005 ProcedureDuring the delay they were told to do writing tasks for 3 minutes.
The dependent variable was how many brand names the participants could recall, they could recall them in any order they wanted. - 21CORE STUDY: TERRY 2005 RESULTSThe results showed a serial position effect, this means whether a commercial was recalled depended on where it was in the list (its serial position).
- 22CORE STUDY: TERRY 2005 RESULTSWhen participants could recall the brand names straight away, there was a primary effect and a recency effect. The participants showed a good recall of the first few commercials and then good recall of the last few commercials, this supports the multi-store model.
- 23CORE STUDY: TERRY 2005 RESULTSThe middle adverts were not remembered well, in most cases they were forgotten. the middle products had been displaced because there wasn't enough room for it, other products had decayed because it wasn't rehearsed.
- 24CORE STUDY: TERRY 2005 LIMITATIONSLaboratory experiments lack ecological validity
Experiments often lack construct validity
Experiments have the problem of demand characteristics - 25APPLICATIONS: MEMORY AIDSThis can be used in education
A cue can be used such as an anagram or 'retracing our footsteps'.
Mind mapping, to help us revise and remember.
Imagery, using images to link with the information
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- FlashCards sobre OCR psychology memory, criado por Junior Jones em 19-02-2015.
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- Junior Jones
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